Chapter 5: Ground Rules of Metabolism - Exam Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

Download Chapter 5: Ground Rules of Metabolism - Exam Study Guide and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Chapter 5 : Ground Rules of

Metabolism

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study

Guide 2024/

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

Multiple Choice

1. Essentially, the first law of thermodynamics says that: a. one form of energy cannot be converted into another b. entropy is increasing in the universe c. energy can be neither created nor destroyed d. energy cannot be converted into matter or matter into energy e. energy is the capacity to do work ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.1 What is energy? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.1.1 - Explain the first law of thermodynamics. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified
   2. The second law of thermodynamics holds that: a. matter can neither be created nor destroyed b. energy can neither be created nor destroyed c. whenever energy is transformed to another form, some is dispersed d. entropy decreases with time e. energy is the capacity to do work ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.1 What is energy? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.1.2 - How is the concept of entropy related to the second law of thermodynamics? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified
2. The second law of thermodynamics states that: a. energy can be transformed into matter and, because of this, we can get something for nothing b. energy can only be destroyed during nuclear reactions, such as those that occur inside the sun c. if energy is gained by one region of the universe, another place in the universe also must gain energy in order to maintain the balance of nature d. energy tends to become increasingly more disorganized e. energy is the capacity to do work ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.1 What is energy?

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

4. Four of the five answers listed below apply to conditions where energy is released. Select the exception. a. endergonic reaction b. respiration c. entropy d. second law of thermodynamics e. exergonic reaction ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.1 What is energy? Section 5.2 How do cells use energy? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.1.2 - How is the concept of entropy related to the second law of thermodynamics? BCA.SES.5.2.3 - Distinguish between endergonic and exergonic reactions. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand OTHER: Selecting the Exception
5. Four of the five answers listed below affect the rate of enzymatic reactions. Select the exception. a. pH b. temperature c. concentrations d. hormones e. buildup of product ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.3 How do enzymes work? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.3.1 - Briefly explain how enzymes accelerate chemical reactions. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand OTHER: Selecting the Exception
6. Four of the five statements about enzymes are correct. Select the exception. a. Enzymes control the speed of a reaction. b. Enzymes change shapes to facilitate certain reactions. c. Enzymes may place physical stress on the bonds of the substrate. d. Enzymes may require cofactors. e. Enzymes are not limited by environmental factors. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.3 How do enzymes work?

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.3 - Describe the factors that affect the functioning of enzymes. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified

7. Four of the five answers listed below are metabolic processes. Select the exception. a. protein synthesis

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

net energy input in order to proceed. a. higher; lower b. lower; higher c. zero; some d. some; zero e. chemical bond; no chemical bond

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.2 How do cells use energy? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.2.3 - Distinguish between endergonic and exergonic reactions. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New

11. The products of exergonic pathways are usually: a. lower in energy b. higher in energy c. larger and higher in energy d. smaller and higher in energy e. smaller and lower in energy ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.2 How do cells use energy? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.2.3 - Distinguish between endergonic and exergonic reactions. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
12. Which reaction is endergonic? a. protein synthesis b. digestion c. fire d. respiration e. movement ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.2 How do cells use energy? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.2.3 - Distinguish between endergonic and exergonic reactions. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

e. neutral pH, such as in most interstitial fluid. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.3 How do enzymes work? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.3.3 - With an example, describe how pH affects the functioning of enzymes.

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New

15. Which of these may show enzymatic activity? a. lipids b. proteins c. DNA d. lipids and proteins e. proteins and carbohydrates ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.3 How do enzymes work? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.3 - Describe the factors that affect the functioning of enzymes. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified
16. During enzyme-catalyzed reactions, substrate is a synonym for: a. end product b. byproduct c. enzyme d. reactant e. cofactor ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.3 How do enzymes work? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.3.1 - Briefly explain how enzymes accelerate chemical reactions. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified
17. Enzymes increase the rate of a given reaction by lowering what kind of energy? a. combination b. activation c. thermal d. electrical e. solar ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.3 How do enzymes work?

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

c. matching of enzyme with substrate d. regeneration of ATP from ADP e. stepwise cascade of electrons in the oxidation-reduction reactions ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.3 How do enzymes work? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.3 - Describe the factors that affect the functioning of enzymes. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand

19. What is the process in which an enzyme makes a reaction run much faster than it would on its own? a. redox reaction b. allosteric regulation c. induced fit d. catalysis e. phosphorylation ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.3 How do enzymes work? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.3.1 - Briefly explain how enzymes accelerate chemical reactions. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New
20. Adding heat boosts free energy. The greater the free energy of reactants, the closer they are to. a. feedback inhibition b. an endergonic reaction c. an induced fit with an enzyme d. activation energy e. cofactor interaction ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.3 How do enzymes work? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.3.2 - Explain four ways by which enzymes lower activation energy. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New
21. Activation energy is the energy required to bring reactant bonds to: a. an enzyme b. their strongest conformation

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

c. a reducing agent d. their breaking point e. a high energy state ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.3 How do enzymes work?

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.4.2 - Describe the mechanisms that regulate enzyme activity. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand

25. An allosteric enzyme: a. has an active site where substrate molecules bind and another site that binds with regulatory molecules b. is an important energy-carrying nucleotide

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

c. carries out either oxidation reactions or reduction reactions, but not both d. raises the activation energy of the chemical reaction it catalyzes e. only participates in feedback inhibition pathways ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.4 What is a metabolic pathway? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.4.2 - Describe the mechanisms that regulate enzyme activity. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified

26. A molecule that gives up an electron becomes: a. ionized only b. oxidized only c. reduced only d. both ionized and oxidized e. both ionized and reduced ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.4 What is a metabolic pathway? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.4.4 - What is an electron transfer chain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
27. The removal of electrons from a compound is known as: a. dehydration b. oxidation c. reduction d. phosphorylation e. a nonreversible chemical reaction ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.4 What is a metabolic pathway? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.4.4 - What is an electron transfer chain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
28. A(n) is an organized series of reaction steps in which membrane-bound arrays of enzymes and other molecules give up and accept electrons in turn. a. cyclic metabolic pathway b. endergonic reaction

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.4.4 - What is an electron transfer chain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember

29. In a cyclic metabolic pathway, the. a. product inhibits the first enzyme b. last step regenerates an enzyme for the first step c. product inhibits the last enzyme d. last step may regenerate a reactant for the first step e. regulatory molecules bind to regions other than the active site ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.4 What is a metabolic pathway? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.4.1 - What is a metabolic pathway? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
30. A regulatory substance binds an enzyme outside of the active site and changes its shape so that it enhances the enzyme’s activity. What does this illustrate? a. allosteric regulation b. feedback inhibition c. redox reaction d. enhancing activation energy e. an active site, bound by substrate ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.4 What is a metabolic pathway? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.4.2 - Describe the mechanisms that regulate enzyme activity. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New
31. Which substance would be unlikely to function as a coenzyme? a. a water-soluble vitamin b. an iron ion c. glucose d. (^) NAD+ e. a magnesium ion ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 5.5 How do cofactors work?

Latest Certified by Expert Exam Study Guide

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.5.5.1 - What are cofactors and how do they help enzymes function better? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand

32. When ATP releases its energy, it forms: a. AMP only b. ADP only