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Functions of the Blood
TRANSPORTATION= Oxygen, Nutrients, Waste, Carbon Dioxide, & Hormones. DEFENSE= Against Invasion by Pathogens. REGULATORY FUNCTIONS = Water&Salt Balance, Body pH and Temperature. TERM 2
COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD
DEFINITION 2 REMEMBER = BLOOD IS A FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE. FORMEDELEMENTS= Produced in Red Blood Marrow. Red Blood Cells /ERYTHROCYTES(RBCs) White Blood Cells /LEUKOCYTES(WBCs) Platelets /THROMBOCYTES PLASMA= Consist of Water, Salt(Ions)& Organic Molecules PLASMA PROTEINS = Most Abundant Organic Molecules. TERM 3
PLASMA PROTEINS
DEFINITION 3 GLOBULINS= Important in Transport& Immune System ALBUMINS= Abundant& Important for Plasma's Osmotic Pressure&Transport(Binds to Molecules to Transport) FIBRINOGEN= Formation of Blood Clots TERM 4
REMEMBER OSMOTIC PRESSURE
DEFINITION 4 Measure of Water's Tendency to Move Across a Semi Perm Membrane Towards Side With Higher Amount of Solute. TERM 5
Red Blood Structure is Important to Their
Function
DEFINITION 5 Lack a Nucleus & Have Few Organelles. Biconcave Shape Increases Surface Area. Each RBC Contains Hemoglobin Molecules that bing 4 molecules.
C02/
Small Amount globin part of RBC C02 Carried in Plasma a Bicarbonate 02 Carried in Heme Part of RBC TERM 7
RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION
DEFINITION 7 Lifespan about 120 days Produced in Red Bone Marrow ERYTHROPOIRTIN(EPO)=Hormone) Secreted by Kidney Cells. Moves to Red when Low Oxygen Levels TERM 8
DISORDERS INVOLVING RBCs
DEFINITION 8 Sickle-Cell Anemia= Genetic Disease causes RBCs to become sickle-shaped & prone torupture. ANEMIA = Condition when too few RBCs or too little Hemoglobin causes "Run Down" feeling (Several Different Types from Different Causes) HEMLYTIC( Disease of the New Born)= Condition with Incompatible Blood Types. Leads to rupturing of Blood Cells in a Baby Before and After Birth TERM 9
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
DEFINITION 9 Drives from Red Bone Marrow(Pluripotent Stem Cells) Some Live Only Days while Others Live Months or Years Large Blood Cells With a Nucleus Fights Infection&are Important Part of the Immune System Found in Tissues and Blood TERM 10
CATEGORIZING WHITE BLOOD CELLS
DEFINITION 10 GRANULAR LEUKOCYTES = Contains Noticeable Granules& Lobed Nuclei Eosinophil Neutrophi Basophil AGRANULAR LEUKOCYTES= No Granules&Nonlobed Nuclei
DISORDERS INVOLVING WBCs
Leukemia = Group of Cancers Affecting White Blood Cells which These Cells Proliferate Without Control. Infectious Mononucleosis= (Kissing disease) It Occurs whenLymphocytes are Infected by theEpstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Resulting in Fatigue, Sore Throat& Swollen Lymph Nodes TERM 17
PLATELETS
DEFINITION 17 Fragmentation of Large Cells Megakaryocytes In Red Bone Marrow. REMEMBER ALL FORMED ELEMENTS FROM OLYRIPOTENT STEM CELLS Blood Clotting Blood Proteins THROMBIN& FIBRINOGEN which Create Clots by Forming Fibrin Threads that Catch RBCs. TERM 18
DISORDERS INVOLVING PLATELETS
DEFINITION 18 HEMOPHILIA = Genetic Disorder Resulting in a Deficiency of a Clotting Factor. This way when a Person Damages a Blood Vessel There unable to Properly Clot Their Blood Externally& Internally TERM 19
CLOT INFORMATION
DEFINITION 19 FIBRIN = Makes Threads which Makes Framework for More Clot Formation, Sealing the "Leak" Cascade if Events/Reactions(Positive Feedback) Platelets Clump& Release Series of Substances. Thrombin Activates FRIBRIONGEN TO FIBRIN TERM 20
TERMINOLOGY TO HELP UNDERSTAND ABO
BLOOD TYPES.
DEFINITION 20 ANTIBODY= Protein Made in Response to an Antigen In the Body Which Blinds Specifically to that Antigen ANTIGEN= Foreign Substance Often a Polysaccharide,or Protein, That can Stimulate an Immune Response. BLOOD TRANSFUSION= Transfer of Blood from one person to another.
A,B,AB,O BLOOD
TYPES
Presence and?or Absence of 2 Blood Antigens, A&B Antibodies Are ONLY PRESENT for Antigens LACKING One Cell Cause These Proteins Recognize & Bind Proteins They Are Named After Named After Antigens on Surface of RBC TERM 22
MEANING OF EACH BLOOD TYPE
DEFINITION 22 Blood Types ONLY Have Antibodies With Antigens They Do Not Have on the Surface of their RBCs. Named After Protein Antigens That Are Present on the Surface of the RBCs, EXCEPT Type O Whose RBCs Lack A&B Antigens TERM 23
REMEMBERING ABO
TYPES
DEFINITION 23 TYPE O Zero (O) Antigens on Bold Cell Nothing for Recipient's Antibodies Attack dOnor TYPE AB Both Antigens on Surface No Antibodies in Recipient's Plasma Attacks donor's Bld TERM 24
DETERMINING BLOOD COMPATIBLE BLOOD
TYPES FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION
DEFINITION 24 Antigens On Blood Transfer donor's RBCs Antibodies Found in Recipient's Blood If Antibodies in Recipient's Blood Recognize on Donor's RBCs, Then The Blood Will Agglutinate(Clump) Causing Rejection TERM 25
RH BLOOD GROUPS
DEFINITION 25 People With RH Blood Factor are Positive & Those Without Are Negative. RH Factor Often Included WhenExpressingBlood Type by NamingitNegativeor Positive. RH Antibodies Develop in a Person When Exposed to RH Factor From Another Person's Blood(Usually a Fetus)
