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Democracy
A form of regime associated with "rule by the people: that signifies rights and liberties for citizens, including political rights to participate in elections and civil liberties such as freedom of speech. TERM 2
Political
Rights
DEFINITION 2 Rights of individuals to participate in political life, including the right to political speech, the right to vote, and the right to join political associations. TERM 3
Civil
Rights
DEFINITION 3 Rights of individuals to participate in civic life, including freedoms of assembly, speech, access to information, and equal access to institution, among others. TERM 4
Regime
DEFINITION 4 A form or type of governmental system, with an emphasis on institutions and rules. TERM 5
Democratic Regime
DEFINITION 5 A regime with predominantly democratic institutions, including basic civil rights and regular, free elections.
Procedural Definition of
Democracy
A of democracy, contrasted with a substantive definition, that emphasizes the minimal standards, procedures, or rules that a country should have in place to govern political life. TERM 7
Substantive Definition of
Democracy
DEFINITION 7 A conception of democracy, contrasted with a procedural definition, that views a polity's democratic status as dependent on the satisfaction of certain substantive ends, such as the extension of broad rights or the reduction of income inequality. TERM 8
Regime Change
DEFINITION 8 Any major change of regime type, including democratization, democratic breakdown, or certain types of authoritarian persistence in which one type of authoritarian regime gives way to another. TERM 9
Regime Type
DEFINITION 9 The form of a political regime, such as democratic versus authoritarian, as well as subtypes, such as personalistic dictatorships or totalitarian regimes. TERM 10
Democratization
DEFINITION 10 The process of a regime becoming more democratic, including both democratic transition and democratic consolidation.
Representative Democracy
A conception of democracy in which politicians and institutions are understood to represent the electorate, who nevertheless can constrain their behavior through periodic elections and other forms of participation. TERM 17
Multiparty Democracy
DEFINITION 17 A democracy in which at least two parties compete for power. TERM 18
Referendum
DEFINITION 18 A popular vote on a specific issue. TERM 19
Direct Democracy
DEFINITION 19 A conception of democracy that places great emphasis on direct citizen involvement in politics, especially involving plebiscites and/or citizen assemblies. TERM 20
Democratic Transition
DEFINITION 20 The process through which a nondemocratic regime becomes democratic.
Democratic Consolidation
The process through which, after a transition from authoritarianism, a polity strengthens its democracy. TERM 22
Modernization Theory
DEFINITION 22 A theory that traces democracy to broad social changes, especially economic development and the changes that accompany it.
