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The signaling device of the nervous system
electric impulses
TERM 2
The nervous system helps to maintain what
two things?
DEFINITION 2
Homeostasis of the body and the endocrine system
TERM 3
When the nervous system senses changes
inside and outside of the body
DEFINITION 3
Sensory
TERM 4
Nervous system process/interprets sensory
input & makes decisions on what to do
DEFINITION 4
Integration
TERM 5
What nervous system effects response by
activating muscles of glands
DEFINITION 5
Motor
The central nervous system contains what
the brain and spinal cord
TERM 7
The central nervous system occupies?
DEFINITION 7
The dorsal body cavity
TERM 8
The central nervous system initiates
commands using ____ that make _____ and
_____
DEFINITION 8
The central nervous system initiates commands using
electrical impulses that make muscles contract and gland
secrete
TERM 9
The part of the nervous system outside the
CNS
DEFINITION 9
Peripheral Nervous SYstem
TERM 10
What does the Peripheral Nervous System
consist of?
DEFINITION 10
The nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord
Sensory (or afferent) division
What division of the PNS carries impulses to the CNS from
the sensory receptors located in various parts of the body?
TERM 17
Sensory receptors located in various parts of
the body (skin, skeletal muscle, joints) are
called
DEFINITION 17
Stomatic Sensory Fibers
TERM 18
Sensory receptors that transmit impulses
from the viscral organs (heart, lungs,
intestines, bladder)
DEFINITION 18
Visceral Sensory Fibers
TERM 19
The motor (or efferent) division
DEFINITION 19
What division of the PNS carries impulses from the CNS to
effector organs, muscles, or glands and bring about a motor
response?
TERM 20
Allows us to consciously control our skeletal
muscles? What is the only exception?
DEFINITION 20
Stomatic Nervous System; only exception is the reflex arc.
What regulates events that are automatic
such as smoot muscle activity, heart muscle
& glands
What regulates events that are automatic, such as smooth
muscle activity, cardiac muscle & glands
TERM 22
What is composed of sympathetic and
parasympathetic branches?
DEFINITION 22
The Autonomic Nervous System of the Motor Division of the
PNS
TERM 23
Supporting cells of the CNS are lumped
together as?
DEFINITION 23
Neuroglia, or nerve glue
TERM 24
What are the four Neuroglia Cells of the CNS?
DEFINITION 24
Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal, and Oligodendrocytes.
TERM 25
Astrocytes
DEFINITION 25
Star-shaped, account for over 1/2 of nerve tissueForm a living
barrier between capillaries and neurons and play a role in making
exchanges between the twoHelp neurons from receiving harmful
substances from the blood (believed to be part of blood-brain
barrier)They also help control the chemical environment by
picking up excess ions and recapturing released
neurotransmitters.
Oligodendrocytes
Neuroglia cell of the CNS that wrap their flat extensions
around cells of CNS to produce myelin sheath.
TERM 32
What are the two neuroglia cells of the PNS?
DEFINITION 32
Shwann Cells and Satellite Cells
TERM 33
What neuroglia cell of the PNS suround cell
bodies of the PNS and act as a protective
cushion?
DEFINITION 33
Satellite Cells
TERM 34
Neurons are also called?
DEFINITION 34
Nerve cells
TERM 35
What are cell bodies found in clusters in the
CNS called?
DEFINITION 35
Nuclei
Cell bodies found in clutsters in the PNS are
called?
Ganglia
TERM 37
Cell bodies of Sensory (afferent) neurons are
always found outside the CNS in what?
DEFINITION 37
ganglia
TERM 38
Cell bodies of ______ are always found outside
the CNS in ganglia.
DEFINITION 38
Sensory (afferent) neurons
TERM 39
Cell bodies of Motor (efferent) neurons are
always found where?
DEFINITION 39
CNS
TERM 40
Cell bodies of Association neurons
(interneurons) are always found where?
DEFINITION 40
CNS
Depolarization of membrane
Happens after a nerve is stimulated and the permeability of
membrane changes very briefly;the wave of depolarization
moves down the nerve (called nerve impulse or action
potential)
TERM 47
Repolarization of membrane
DEFINITION 47
Permeability of membrane is changed and the nerve returns
to the polarized or resting state and ion concentrations are
maintained by solute pump
TERM 48
Neurotransmitters are released across what?
Where?
DEFINITION 48
Across the synaptic cleft between nerves or between a nerve
and muscle or gland.
TERM 49
What always releases acetylcholine (Ach) at
neuromuscular junction
DEFINITION 49
Stomatic Motor Neurons
TERM 50
What are the two types of Autonomic Motor
Neurons
DEFINITION 50
Preganglionic Axons and Postganglionic Axons
This type of Autonomic Motor Neuron axon
releases Ach on both divisions (Parasym &
Symp)
Preganglionic Axons
TERM 52
Postganglionic Axon
DEFINITION 52
This type of Autonomic Motor Neuron axon releases
epinephrine and norepineprine in the sympathetic division
TERM 53
Postganglionic Axon
DEFINITION 53
This type of Autonomic Motor Neuron axon releases
acetylcholine (ACH) on the parasympathetic division
TERM 54
What regulates the activity of smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle, glands
DEFINITION 54
Autonomic Reflexes
TERM 55
What regulates reflexes that include skeletal
muscles?
DEFINITION 55
Stomatic Reflexes
Give examples of things that do not pass
easily through the blood-brain barrier
Protiens, most antibiotics, urea, toxins
TERM 62
What are pumped out of the blood-brain
barrier?
DEFINITION 62
Nonessential amino acids and potassium ions
