Download Chapter 9 | MTH 067 - Foundations of Mathematics and more Quizzes Elementary Mathematics in PDF only on Docsity!
Absolute value. Take the value of whatever is in the brackets and make it positive. EXAMPLE: |-6| = 6 |6| = 6 TERM 2
natural numbers
DEFINITION 2 The set of counting numbers, but not zero. {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,...} TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 Number line. Left: Negative integers Zero: point of origin, 0 Right: Positive integers TERM 4
Irrational Numbers
DEFINITION 4 In mathematics, an irrational number is any real number that is not a rational number-that is, it is a number which cannot be expressed as a fraction m/n, where m and n are integers, with n non-zero. { pie, square root of 2, ...} TERM 5
Real Numbers
DEFINITION 5 In mathematics, the real numbers include both rational numbers, such as 42 and 23/129, and irrational numbers, such as pi and the square root of two; or, a real number can be given by an infinite decimal representation, such as 2.4871773339..., where the digits continue in some way; or, the real numbers may be thought of as points on an infinitely long number line.
negative TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 positive TERM 8
Integers
DEFINITION 8 The integers (from the Latin integer, literally "untouched", hence "whole": the word entire comes from the same origin, but via French) are formed by the natural numbers including 0 (0, 1, 2, 3, ...) together with the negatives of the non-zero natural numbers (1, 2, 3, ...). TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 greater than TERM 10
additive inverses
DEFINITION 10 for every positive and negative interger there is an opposite. ex: 3 is the opposite of -
addition of rational numbers
- if both numbers have the same sign, add their absolute values and give the sum the common sign. 2. if the numbers have the opposite sign, subtract heir absolute values and give the difference the sign of the number with the greater absolute value. TERM 17
subtraction of rational numbers
DEFINITION 17 for any rational numbers, a and b a - b = a +(-b) TERM 18
PEMDAS
DEFINITION 18 PEMDAS stands for Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally. P: Perentheses E: Exponents M: Multiplication D: Division A: Addition S: Subtraction
