Chapter 9 Review - Biology 1090
SLCC Questions with Verified Answers
Gene Expression - ANSWERSGenes carry instructions for synthesizing proteins. Gene
expression involves turning a gene on that includes the process of transcription and
translation
Describe how messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized during the process of
transcription - ANSWERSTranscription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells when
and RNA polymerase enzyme binds to the promoter, located at the start site of a gene,
and makes an mRNA that is complementary to the DNA gene.
Describe how proteins are synthesized during the process of translation -
ANSWERSTranslation occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and involves mRNA,
ribosomes, and transfer RNA (tRNA). Messenger RNA carries the code from the DNA,
and ribosomes are the site where amino acids are assembled to synthesize proteins.
Transfer RNA carries amino acids, which binds to triplet new nucleotide sequence is on
the M RNA called codons. A particular tRNA carries a specific amino acid. Each tRNA
has its unique anticodon that binds to the codon and carries instructions for its particular
amino acid.
Use the genetic code to identify the amino acid for which a DNA segment or a codon
codes - ANSWERSThe amino acid coded for by a particular codon can be determined
using the genetic code
Define the term mutation, and explain how mutations can affect protein structure and
function - ANSWERSMutations are changes to DNA sequences that can affect protein
structure and function
Neutral mutations are changes to the DNA that do not result in a different amino acid
being incorporated. Insertions or deletions of nucleotides can result in frameshift
mutation said change the protein drastically.
Explain why and how some genes are expressed in some cell types but not others -
ANSWERSA given cell type express is only a small percentage of the gene that an
organism possesses.
Turning the expression of a gene up or down is accomplished in different ways in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes typically block the promotor with a repressor
