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CHAPTER FOUR
4. 0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4. 1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter highlights how the research present and analyzed the data collected from
respondents gathered for the study through the questionnaire. This entails stating in clear terms or
finding from the research data.
4. 2 PRESENTATION OF DATA
The data collected was designed to obtained facts around research question stated
hypothesis and generally verified all research questionnaire and problem of the research.
The tools used in the analysis of this study are the simple average percentage and chi-
square (x2) method. These methods will be specifically used to prove the validity of the hypothesis
using same set as responses from the major questions obtained from a sample size of the firm. Where
out of the 79 questionnaire distributed 66 were collected.
4. 3 ANALYSIS OF DATA
The researcher’s questionnaire is analyzed using data and percentages as shown in the
analysis below.
SECTION A
Question seven ( 7 ) does leadership style lead to organization performance?
TABLE 4. 1 .7 RATE OF RESPONSE
Option No of respondent Percentage
Yes 50 76 %
No 16 24
Total 66 100
SOURCE: field survey 2010
From the above 4. 1 .7 it show that 50 ( 76 %) of the respondents agree that leadership style lead to
organizational performance while 16 ( 24 %) disagreed.
This shows that leadership style lead to organization performance.
Question eight ( 8 ) does the type of leadership style used in your company effective.
Table 4. 1 .8 rate of responses
Option No of respondent Percentage
Yes 55 83. 4
No 11 16. 6
Total 66 100
SOURCE: field survey 2010
From the table 4. 1 .8 it shows that 55 ( 83. 4 %) of the respondent agreed that the type of leadership
style used in the company is effective while 11 ( 16. 6 %) of the respondent disagreed.
This shows that the leadership style used in the company is effective.
Option No of respondent Percentage
Very Effective 55 75 %
Effective 16 25
Not effective - -
Total 66 100
SOURCE: field survey 2010
From the above 4. 1 .10 table, it show that 50 ( 75 %) of the respondents agreed that company
performance is very effective while 16 agree that it is effective and none agree tht5a company
performance is not effective.
TABLE 4. 1 .4 RATE OF RESPONSE
Option No of respondent Percentage
Yes 60 90. 9 %
No 6 9. 1 %
Total 66 100
SOURCE: field survey 2010
From the above table of 4. 1. 15. 60 ( 90. 9 %) of the respondents believe that organization achieve it
organizational objectives through leadership effectiveness while 6 ( 9. 1 %) of the respondents
disagreed to that. This shows that poor leadership really militates against organizational performance.
Question sixteen ( 16 ) is leaders in your company competent in their work job?
Table 4. 1 .16 rate of responses.
Option No of respondent Percentage
Yes 42 63. 6
No 24 36. 4
Total 66 100
SOURCE: field survey 2010
From the above table of 4. 1 .16, 42 ( 63. 6 %) of the respondents agreed that leaders in their
company are competent in their work while 24 ( 36. 49 %) respondent stated that leaders in their
company are not competent in their work job.
4 .4 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
Having analyzed data collected, this section is concerned with the actual testing of hypothesis to
determine whether they are supported or refused.
The data tabulated before comment are made in responses of how they affect the research hypothesis
under consideration. The researcher will use chi-square computed and the critical value sample the
null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected where the chi0-suqare is greater than the critical value of the sample,
the alternative is accepted when the computed chi-square is less than the critical value.
The research consider it pertinent to define the following
X 2 =∑ (oi-Ei)^2
Ei
Where xo^2 = computed chi-square
Oi = observed frequency
Ei = expected frequency
O – level of significance %
D of degree of freedom
(d fu) r- 1 ) (c- 1 )
C= column
R = row
Critical
Value of sample – xo2 the research intent to test at 5%
Xo2< x2 accept the null hypothesis X2> reject the null hypothesis
Hypothesis 1
H o: effective leadership does not lead to attainment of organizational goal/ objective
By = 16 x 10 = 2. 42
Option Qio Ei Oi-ei (oi-ei) (oi-ei) 2
Ax 2 4. 55 - 2. 55 6. 5025 1. 4291
Ay 4 1. 45 2. 55 6. 5025 4. 4845
Bx 4 7. 59 - 3. 59 12. 8881 1. 6980
By 6 2. 42 3. 58 12. 8164 5. 2960
Cx 61 37. 88 6. 12 37. 4544 0. 988
Cy 61 12. 12 - 6. 12 37. 4544 3. 0903
Total 66 16. 9867
SOURCE: field survey 2010
DECISION RULE FOR TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
From the calculation about, chi-square calculated that is 16.9867 while the critical test value (table
value) is 5. 991
DECISION RULE
Since the x2 calculated of 16.9867 is greater than x2 table value, we reject Ho (null hypothesis) and
accept Hi alternative hypothesis which state that effective leadership lead to attainment of
organizational goal/objective.
HYPOTHESIS 11
H o: poor leadership is not a factor that militates against organizational performance.
QUESTION 16
Do you think that poor leadership is one of the factors that militate against organizational performance?
Option Frequency
Yes 42
No 24
Total 66
SOURCE: field survey 2010
Calculation of chi square for hypothesis 2 responses rating.
Option Frequency Senior staff Junior staff Total
Yes (x) 1 3 38 42
No(y) 4 7 13 24
Total 5 10 51 66
SOURCE: field survey 2010
Ei= row total x column total
Grand total
DECISION RULE FOR TEST OF HYPOTHESIS NO 2
Since the chi-square (x2) calculated that 11.592 and the critical test value (table value) is 5. 991
which implies that x2 calculated is greater than table value Ho (null hypothesis) and accept Hi
(alternative hypothesis) Hi states that poor leadership is a factor that militate against organization
performance.
Decision accept Ho (null hypothesis) if x2 cal < x2 tab.
Therefore we accept the null hypothesis (ho) that poor leadership is a factor that militate against the
null organizational performance and reject the null hypothesis. (Ho) that stated that poor leadership is
not a factor that militates against the organization performance.
4. 5 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
From the table 4. 1 .7 it shows that 160 respondent agree that leadership style lead to organization
performance.
From the table 4. 1 .8 it shows that 83.490 respondents agreed that the type of leadership used in the
company is effective.
From the table 4. 1 .13, it shows that 75% respondent believe that ineffective leadership agreed that
poor leadership is factors that militate against organizational performance.
From the table 4. 1 .16 it shows that 63 % agreed that leaders in their company are competent in doing
their job/ work.
