Chapter notes with neuroscience, Cheat Sheet of Biochemistry

Download Chapter notes with neuroscience and more Cheat Sheet Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Decoding

the Flu

Things to do

Continue with Chapter 13 – case study

Mastering Genetics

• (^) Chapter 10 dynamic learning module due 13Sep23 @ 11:59 PM

Chapter 10 homework due 13Sep23 @ 11:59 PM

Genetics Op-ed essay topic due on Friday 08Sep

• (^) Submit on course site

Exam 1 is next Friday (15Sep23)

• (^) Online format
• (^) Proctored by TA

Exam 1 review session is Monday @ 9 PM (11Sep23) via zoom

Wednesday (9/13) – digital media studio expert will join class to

discuss podcast project

Reach out if you need help – no need to feel like you are in this

alone. We are here to help you!

Translation DNA/RNA Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine/Uracil Protein Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine Glutamine Glutamate Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tyrosine Tryptophan Valine

CQ#2: If a combination of two nucleotides corresponded to an amino acid, how many different amino acids could DNA code for? A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16 E. 32

Translation

UGC

mRNA

codon

ACG

tRNA

Amino Acid

anticodon

• (^) Each tRNA carries an amino acid and an anticodon complementary to a codon in the mRNA.
• (^) Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules “interpret” the nucleotide code. Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schema_ARNt_448_658.png^7
• (^) Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the nucleotide code for the protein to be made.

Translation

• (^) Ribosomes use tRNA to “read” messenger RNA and assemble the amino acids they carry into a new protein.

DNA-Interactive: http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html or

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/translation.swf

Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Proteintransl.jpg^8

Bases in DNA/RNA form triplet code Second Base U C A G Fir st ba se U UUU Phe (F) UCU Ser (S)

UAU

Tyr (Y)

UGU

Cys (C)

U

Thi rd bas e

UUC UCC UAC UGC C

UUA Leu (L) UCA UAA (^) Stop UGA (^) Stop A UUG UCG UAG (^) Stop UGG (^) Trp (W) G C

CUU

Leu (L)

CCU

Pro (P)

CAU

His (H)

CGU

Arg (R)

U

CUC CCC CAC CGC C

CUA CCA CAA

Gln (Q)

CGA A

CUG CCG CAG CGG G

A

AUU

Ile (I)

ACU

Thr (T)

AAU

Asn (N)

AGU

Ser (S)

U

AUC ACC AAC AGC C

AUA ACA AAA

Lys (K)

AGA

Arg (R)

A

AUG Met (M) Start

ACG AAG AGG G

G

GUU

Val (V)

GCU

Ala (A)

GAU

Asp (D)

GGU

Gly (G)

U

GUC GCC GAC GGC C

GUA GCA GAA

Glu (E)

GGA A

GUG GCG GAG GGG G

Codon Table:

CQ#4: Part of an mRNA molecule is shown above. If this fragment came from the beginning of the mRNA, for which of the amino acid sequences below would it most likely code? A. His-Gly-Arg B. Thr-Val-Asp-Glu-Val-Thr C. Met-Arg-Leu-His-Arg D. Gln-Tyr-Ile-Gly-Val-Ala-Gly 5’CACGGUCGAUGAGGUUACAUCGC… 3’

5’CAC GGU CGA UGA GGU UAC AUA AC… 3’ 5’C ACG GUC GAU GAG GUU ACA UAA C… 3’ 5’CA CGG UCG AUG AGG UUA CAU AAC… 3’ Reading Frames Reading frame- Reading frame- Reading frame- 5’CACGGUCGAUGAGGUUACAUAAC… 3’ Met Arg Leu His Thr… His Gly Arg STOP Thr Leu His Glu Val Thr STOP

Dr. Phillips returned with a sheet of paper. “Without computers, all I have been able to find so far is a partial sequence I believe is at the beginning of the HA gene.* I also have the start of the HA protein sequence. See if you can find the coding region while I look for more info.” 3 ’CTTACATCGAGTTTCGTTACTATCAGAAGTACCAAT 5’ 5’GAATGTAGCTCAAAGCAATGATAGTCTTCATGGTTA 3’ DNA Sequence Met Lys Thr Ile Ile Ala Leu Ser Tyr Ile… HA amino acid sequence

3’CTTACATCGAGTTTCGTTACTATCAGAAGTACCAAT 5’ 5’GAATGTAGCTCAAAGCAATGATAGTCTTCATGGTTA 3’ 3’CUUACAUCGAGUUUCGUUACUAUCAGAAGUACCAAU 5’ 5’GAAUGUAGCUCAAAGCAAUGAUAGUCUUCAUGGUUA 3’ DNA RNA# RNA# RNA#2 5’UAACCAUGAAGACUAUCAUUGCUUUGAGCUACAUUC 3’

5’GAAUGUAGCUCAAAGCAAUGAUAGUCUUCAUGGUUA 3’ 5’UAACCAUGAAGACUAUCAUUGCUUUGAGCUACAUUC 3’ RNA# RNA#

Reading frame-

Reading frame-

Reading frame-

Reading frame-

Reading frame-

Reading frame-

UAA CCA UGA AGA CUA UCA UUG CUU UGA GCU ACA UUC GAA UGU AGC UCA AAG CAA UGA UAG UCU UCA UGG UUA G AAU GUA GCU CAA AGC AAU GAU AGU CUU CAU GGU UA GA AUG UAG CUC AAA GCA AUG AUA GUC UUC AUG GUU A UA ACC AUG AAG ACU AUC AUU GCU UUG AGC UAC AUU C U AAC CAU GAA GAC UAU CAU UGC UUU GAG CUA CAU UC

5’UAACCAUGAAGACUAUCAUUGCUUUGAGCUACAUUC 3’ RNA#

Reading frame-

Reading frame-

Reading frame-

UAA CCA UGA AGA CUA UCA UUG CUU UGA GCU ACA UUC UA ACC AUG AAG ACU AUC AUU GCU UUG AGC UAC AUU C U AAC CAU GAA GAC UAU CAU UGC UUU GAG CUA CAU UC Met Lys Thr Ile Ile Ala Leu Ser Tyr Ile

“Great! You found the start for the HA gene coding region. Here are HA genes data the team had collected for the flu strains that they were studying. We only have information on the start of the gene, but it might be enough.” The virus that the team has contracted probably had a mutation that results in a different but still functional version of the HA gene. See if one of the viruses the team was examining would fit this description.