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Chapter one
1 - 1 Introduction:
Jespersen،s proposal that human language originated while humans were actually enjoying themselves is one of more endearing speculations concerning the origins of language. However, we do know that spoken language developed well before written language. The standard language is: The variety which forms the basis of printed English in newspapers, and books which are used in the mass media and which are taught in school. Every language - user speaks with an accent. The term accent is restricted to the description of aspects of pronunciation. Differences in grammatical form and pronunciation is known as Dialect, which has varieties, also it is the mother tongue of the people in uncommon areas with different languages. In the study of the world،s culture, it has become clear that different tribes not only have different languages, They have different worldviews, which are reflected in their languages, In the sense that language reflects culture. In some dialect surveys, it has been found that among those leaving the educational system at an early age, there is a great tendency to use forms, which are relatively infrequent in the speech of those who go on to a college. So dialect is effects on the speech of individuals, According to the (age, education, social class, occupation, gender, ethnic background, and…. etc).
1 - 2 Statement of the Problem:
In this research the researcher will compare between the youth and old people in understanding this new formed dialect of; social media, text messages, and mass media. Also its effect in the society.
1 - 3 Significance of the Study:
Now a day internet has become a vital in our live, and the language is the main aspect of it. To communicate, having information and get fun, so youngest and youth had made their own way to using language in social media application. So they formed a new dialect to communicate with those of their same age, this effect the society, language, and culture. Also this formed dialect is bandied very quickly and among youth only. So I thought it was important to study and investigate this issue, Since language is considered very important subject of the society, and culture, and this research is unique and very rare among P students.
1 - 4 objective of the Study:
This study aims at: 1 - Investigate the old people and youth understanding of this formed dialect and language. 2 - Investigate the effects of the this dialect and language on the society.
1 - 5 Questions of the Study:
1 - To what extent this new formed dialect and language effect in the society? 2 - How this language formed, and used.
Chapter Two
LITERATYRE REVIEW
“The use of language in communication technologies such as internet chatting, has led to a number of significant linguistic development”. (crystal-2001)The internet, also called the ”virtual world” or “cyberspace”. (first popularized by William Gibson, classic neuromancer in 1989), is both an environment and complex system that is created and architected for the act of signification to take place. (Matusitz,
Some people consider it is a set of conventions for the language applied to communication on the internet, some hold the view classifying its collections of words, idioms, slangs, forms, abbreviation, and similes that are characteristics of online communication. In simple words, web-chat English is special English used in chatting room for communication, as we know, language exists for people demands of communication web-chat English, as a new member of English family, also follows the regularity and gives services to the online chatters. (CHERNY,
“Sociolinguistic prespective deal with how society view the impact of internet development on language, the advent of internet has revolutionized communication in many ways, it changes the way people communicate and created new platforms with far-reaching social impact. significant avenues include but are not limited to SMS text messaging, e-mail chat groups, virtual words, and the web. the evolution of these new mediums of communications had raised much concern with regard to the way language is being used”. (according to crystal- 2005). “Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the internet that offers a real time transmission of text message from sender to receiver “. (Wikipedia.com)
The first chat system was called Talkomatic created by Doug Brown and David - Wooley in 1973 0n the PALTO system, at The university of Illions, it offered several channels , each of which could accommodate up to five people .with messages appearing on all users screens character – by - character as they were typed, talkomatic was very popular among Palto users into mid-1980s , in 2014 brown and woolley released a web- based version of Talkomatic .The first online system to use the command (chat) was created for the source in 1979 by Tom walker and Fritz thane of Dialcom , Inc.” (Wikipedia.com) “Internet linguistics advocated by the English linguist (David Crystal) .it studied new language style and forms that have arisen under the influence of the internet and other new media, such as short messages service (SMS) text messaging since the beginning of human – computer interaction (HCI) leading to computer – mediated communication (CMC) and inter net – mediated communication (IMC), experts have acknowledged hats linguistics has a contributing role in it , in term of web interface and usability.” “Studying the emerging language on the internet can help improve conceptual organization translation and web usability - this study in intended to benefit both linguistics and web users. The study of internet linguistics can be effectively done throw four main perspectives: sociolinguistic, education, stylistics and applied. further dimensions have developed as a result of further technological advancements which include the development of the web as corpus and the spread and influence of the internet, through the mass media and literary works. in view of the increasing number of users connected to the Internet, the linguistics future of the internet remains to be determined as new computer – mediated technologies continue to emerge and people adapt their language to suit these new media, the
users had to find a way of being concise while still communicating the desired message. Two typing on phones is normally slower than with Keyboard, and capitalization is even slower, As a result, punctuation, grammar, and capitalization are largely ignored. “Initials which means (words or phrases that share the same abbreviation) e. g {lol}could means (laugh out loud) or (lots of love) and {cryn} could means (crayon) or (crying), Reductions, shortening, and omission of part of speech, for words that have no common abbreviation, users most commonly remove the vowels from a word, and the reader is required to in interpret a string of consonants by re-adding the vowels, e. g (dictionary becomes(dctnry), and {keyboard} become(kybrd)). Omission of the words, especially functional words (e. g determiners {a}, and {the}) are also employed as part of effort to overcome time and space constraints.” Pragmatics and context in interpretation of ambiguous shortening, recipients may have to interpret the abbreviated words depending on the context in which they are being used, so co-textual references and context are crucial when interpreting texts, for instance if someone were use {omg}, {lol} they may perhaps mean {oh my god},{laugh out loudly} as opposed to {oh my god}, {lots of love}. SMS language does not always obey or follow standard grammar, and additionally the words used are not usually found in standard dictionaries or recognized by language academies. Reactive token includes phrases or words like (yeah I know) which signifies a reaction to a previous message, in SMS language, however, the difference that many words are shortened unlike spoken language. Pictograms and logograms (rebus abbreviation), some tokens of the SMS language can be liked to a rebus, using pictures and single letters or numbers to represent whole words e.g ( !<3u” which uses the pictogram of heart for love and the letters u
replaces you). Paralinguistic and prosodic features, they aim to convey the textual equivalent of verbal prosodic feature such as facial expression and tone of voice indeed, SMS language does not has a complicated structure and that its meaning is greatly contextualized, in the case of capitalization in SMS , there are three scenarios, SMS with (no capitalization) ,(capitalization of only the first word) ,(full capitalization as appropriate that conform to all grammatical rules). capitalization may encoded prosodic elements, where copious use may signify the textual equivalent of raised voice to indicate heightened emotion. Asterisk emoting and emoticons, emotions can alter the meaning of a text message, so the reader has to decide which it is by looking at the whole message, because the sender is less easily discerned merely by emotion, for example using a simile face can be perceived as being sarcastic rather than happy.so use of punctuation, capitalization, features, and symbols to form emotions. punctuation, or lack thereof, David crystal observes that “apostrophes occur unusually frequently, he cited an American study of 544 messages, where occurrence of apostrophe in a text message with multiple steps involved “, users use apostrophe to ensure that their message is understood accurately, the widespread mobile phone auto - correct feature contributes to the frequency of the apostrophe in SMS messages. since even without user awareness, it will insert an apostrophe in many common words, such as (I،M), (I،LL), and (I،D). Variation in spelling, users may use spelling that reflect their illocutionary force and intention rather than using the standard spelling, for example the use of (hahaha) to signify standard laughter and (muahaha) to encoded perhaps more raucous or evil sound to laughter. In this regional in spelling can also be observed as such, SMS language with its identity marker.
and Gable, the most striking finding of their study is that adolescent use the internet like a telephone, rather than as an opportunity to try different personalities and identities, their study finds that internet communication is very similar to “traditional means of youth social interaction”. (p.86) People use the internet as a way to make initial contact with other, however they then convert that contact into more traditional face-to-face relationships. In other words, people change their use of technology to facilitate their creation of a desired social, and psychological reality. This suggests that efforts to understand the influence of new technologies must view those technologies as means that people can use to achive their social goals. The article by Thompson and Nadler (this issue) suggests that internet negotiations conducted primarily in business environment may present greater difficulties them are found in face-to-face negotiation, the authors suggest that there are a number of problems when strangers negotiate with each other electronically. to some extent these problems are linked to the leek of a person relationship with others. for example, people feel lees accountability and connection to the other party in the negotiation and are more linked to engage in action that burn bridges, they are not just linked to the lack of a personal relationship with the other party. temporal synchrony, for example, is linked to coordination problems associated with the nature of e-mail communication-temporal synchrony refers to the relationship between the timing of expected responses synchrony is not an issue when people negotiate about the same issue face-to-face. this problem with timeline between communication occurring in an on-line interaction helps to explain why e- commerce has had trouble and why customer services is such an issue for on-line businesses success rates, suggest that on-line companies that have brick, and mortar counterparts are enjoying greater success than are solely on-line companies.
The existence of internet does provide an even for compensatory strategies among the social anxious. A form of social equalization focuses more direct on the equalization of access to resources and information via the internet. The implication of accessing the internet for the amount and quality of human interaction, however can be profound. In fact, not only can the opportunities for human interaction on the internet develop a sense of immersion and social engagement far different from whatever sensory or motor realism can provide (SCHIANO, 1999). But also our collective behavior has changed as a result of instant or anonymous interaction as it is in cyberspace. According to Naomi: (The growing domestication of e-mail, IM, text messaging on mobile phones, blogging, Facebook, and the rash of other forms of online and mobile communication platforms- altered our communication landscape. By some of effects which are obvious, once you have the requisite equipment (computer, or mobile phone) and have mange the access fees, its far simpler and less expensive to communicate with people not physically present than at any time in human history. A second palpable change is the ease with which each of us can become an author or publisher, whether with blogs, webpages, or e-mailing files to distribution lists, we can bypass the traditional textual gatekeepers: editors of all ilk (newspaper, periodical, books), and sometimes, legal authorities, what is more? This new technologies potentially comprise our privacy and even our individual safety) 2008 Spears, Postmes, LEA, and WOLBET (this issue) raise fundamental questions about the assumption that there is something “less social ” about electronic communication that view develops from the important ‘ reduce social cues’ model( kiesler, 1986), which labels internet communication less complete because it lacks important social information. This more anonymous communication is
Chapter three
3 - 1 Introduction:
This chapter revolves the methodology followed by the researcher, it contains the method used by the researcher, also the population and sample included in his study, the tools used to collect date, the validity and reliability of this procedures fallowed by the researcher to collect the date and analyze them.
3 - 2 Methodology:
This study is a descriptive one, there are three types of the descriptive method, observational, case study, and survey here the one used is the survey method (here the researcher describes the answers given by the sample), in general descriptive methods are used to describe the given data, in this case the test answered by the samples, that’s why the researcher thought it was the most suitable type of method, to describe the choice of correct meaning for the chat acronyms made by groups of sample, and also it how much the meaning of chat acronyms necessary in the process of sociolinguistics. And how much is it helpful in creating a kind of connection between generations in society.
3 - 3 Population and sample:
The population of this study were two into tow groups, first groups is the youngest one, which are 15. Student of English language, age between 20-30. The other group is the oldest, which are also 15, they are all between 30-50 years old. All the groups are male and female, the sample of this study were 30, they randomly chosen. 3 - 4 Tools of the study:
The researcher used a test for the samples containing 16 acronyms to be answered in order to collect the data necessary to conduct the study, the main attention of the sample was on the acronyms in each question, which has a particular meaning and he/she choose the correct one, the researcher wanted to measure the two groups ability of choosing the exact meaning of the acronym.
3 - 5 Validity of the study:
The researcher designed sixteen questions test, then she took it to two scholars to be checked, the scholars advise her of to do some changes which she took into consideration when modifying the test.
3 - 6 Reliability of the study:
The research designed a test and took 10 copies as a sample, and gave them to random samples, the were answered very clearly by the random samples.
3 - 7 Procedures:
The researcher followed multiple steps to collect the data and analyze them, Firstly, she designed a test containing 16 sentences in order to be answered, Secondly, she took the test to two scholars to be reviewed, then she printed a thirty copies and distributed them among the population (two groups), then she explained for them the way to complete the test. After that she took the test and analyzed it, then she came up with percentage for each question.
13 - @ At 13 86.6 2 13.3% 14 - y w Your welcome
15 - lo Hello 5 33.3% 10 66.6% 16 - no1 No one 9 60% 6 40% 4 - 2 - 3 Youngest group analysis: 15 populations ,1 question, with 16 acronyms. Acronym Meaning Correct answer percentage Wrong answer percentage 1 -! I have a comment
2 - k Ok 13 86.6% 2 13.3% 3 - lol Laugh out loud
4 - Zzz Sleeping 15 100% - - 5 - U You 15 100% - - 6 - 2qt Too cute 11 73.3% 4 26.6% 7 - w8 Wait 13 86.6% 2 13.3% 8 - mob Mobile 15 100% - - 9 - ?^ Hook up 2 13.3% 13 86.6% 10 - 3o3 Mom 10 66.6% 5 33.3% 11 - 2b To be 13 86,6% 2 13.3% 12 - 10q Thank you 9 60% 6 40% 13 - @ At 12 80% 3 20% Y w Your 13 86.6 2 13.3%
welcome 15 - lo Hello 10 66.6% 5 33.3% 16 - no1 No one 10 66.6% 5 33.3% 4 - 2 - 3 Comparison: According to the numbers and percentage the researcher found that the youngest group get the highest digree and they answer the correct answer easily except two acronyms the first one (!) only 4 of 15 answered the correctly, this because the acronyms is very complicated in real communication it means exclamation or wondering, but in chat world its means (I have a comment), also is rarely use among the chat language, however they also answered the acronyms (?^) wrongly about 13 students , this acronym which means (hook up), is very rarely used also among the use so the most of them answered it wrongly , the result of all the group was great (93%) of them successed it (14) and only one student failed (6.6%) On the other hands we have the oldest group, which throw this test analysis get the least result, 9 of population had successed (60%) main while 6 fail (40%) because this group are between 30_50 age, they are so far from the technology especially chat world and this new formed language (chat language), most of them answered by guessing the meaning of the acronyms, and others try to invite the meaning. For example 12 of them draw a circle around (10 quotes) for the acronyms (109) this which in fact means (thank you). Some of this group number faced a lot of difficulties to answer the questions, and most of them has just started used e-mail in their jobs.
Chapter five
5 - 1 Introduction:
This research has investigated the ability of the youngest and oldest generations in chat language, and the effect of this language upon the society, and language itself. This chapter presents the major results or findings of this research, it also concludes with recommendations and suggestions for future studies.
5 - 2 Conclusion:
1 - the researcher found that there is lexical gab between generations (youngest and oldest), as in the hypothesis of the study, also the psychology took a part of the way how people communicate. 2 - face-to-face communication now has become less and only found among the oldest members of the society. 3 - chat language effects upon the society among various way (in good and bad way). 4 - the researcher found that the oldest group are far from the technological communication (chat language), so they usually guessed the meaning of chat acronyms.
5 - 3 Recommendations:
The researcher recommends the following: 1 - more studies and researches on the internet communication. 2 - oldest of the society should try to learn more about chat language and acronyms.
3 - creat a link between different generations, about the internet and social communications.
5 - 4 suggestions for future studies:
The researcher suggests the following; 1 - internet social world and communications. 2 - technology between past and present. 3 - chat language and informal speech. 4 - slangs, acronyms, and abbreviations of chat language.
