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biology
Biology is the natural science that involves the study of life and living organisms, including their physical and chemical structure, function, development and evolution. TERM 2
organelle
DEFINITION 2 In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function. Individual organelles are usually separately enclosed within their own lipid bilayers. TERM 3
organ system
DEFINITION 3 In biology, an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Each does a particular job in the body, and is made up of certain tissues. TERM 4
ecosystem
DEFINITION 4 An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. TERM 5
systems biology
DEFINITION 5 Systems biology is the computational and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems. It is a biology-based interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on complex interactions within biological systems, using a holistic approach to biological research.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. TERM 7
prokaryotic cell
DEFINITION 7 A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. TERM 8
negative
feedback
DEFINITION 8 Negative feedback occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances. TERM 9
chromosome
DEFINITION 9 A chromosome is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism. TERM 10
protein
DEFINITION 10 Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Eurkarya
A eukaryote is any organism whose cells have a cell nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. TERM 17
Protists
DEFINITION 17 A protist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant or fungus. The protists do not form a natural group, or clade, but are often grouped together for convenience, like algae or invertebrates. TERM 18
natural selection
DEFINITION 18 Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. TERM 19
hypothesis
DEFINITION 19 A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. TERM 20
control group
DEFINITION 20 In the design of experiments, treatments are applied to experimental units in the treatment grou. In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.
technology
Technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. TERM 22
hierarchy
DEFINITION 22 A hierarchy is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which the items are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another. TERM 23
cell (biology)
DEFINITION 23 The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. TERM 24
organism
DEFINITION 24 In biology, an organism is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. TERM 25
biosphere
DEFINITION 25 The biosphere also known as the ecosphere (from Greek okos "environment" and ), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.
polypeptide
Peptides are natural biological or artificially manufactured short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds. TERM 32
kinetic energy
DEFINITION 32 In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. TERM 33
taxonomy (biology)
DEFINITION 33 Taxonomy, meaning 'arrangement', and - (-nomia), meaning 'method') is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. TERM 34
class (biology)
DEFINITION 34 In biological classification, class is: TERM 35
species
DEFINITION 35 In biology, a species is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank.
Plantae
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. The term is today generally limited to the green plants, which form an unranked clade Viridiplantae. TERM 37
tree of life (biology)
DEFINITION 37 The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, model and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, as described in a famous passage in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). TERM 38
quantitative data
DEFINITION 38 Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. TERM 39
deductive reasoning
DEFINITION 39 Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, logical deduction is the process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logically certain conclusion. TERM 40
independent variable
DEFINITION 40 In mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences, the values of dependent variables depend on the values of independent variables.
plasma embrane
The plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase is a transport protein in the plasma membrane of cells and functions to remove calcium (Ca2+) from the cell. TERM 47
unicellular organisms
DEFINITION 47 A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of more than one cell. TERM 48
nucleus (biology)
DEFINITION 48 In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. TERM 49
positive
feedback
DEFINITION 49 Positive feedback is a process that occurs in a feedback loop in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system include an increase in the magnitude of the perturbation. TERM 50
genome
DEFINITION 50 In modern molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA.
gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. TERM 52
consumers
DEFINITION 52 A consumer is a person or organization that uses economic services or commodities. TERM 53
heat
DEFINITION 53 Heat is the amount of energy flowing from one body of matter to another spontaneously due to their temperature difference, or by any means other than through work or the transfer of matter. TERM 54
domain (biology)
DEFINITION 54 In biological taxonomy, a domain, also superkingdom or empire, is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of taxonomy designed by Carl Woese, an American microbiologist and biophysicist. TERM 55
order (biology)
DEFINITION 55 In biological classification, the order is
scientific theory
A scientific theory is an explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can be repeatedly tested, in accordance with the scientific method, by using a predefined protocol of observations and experiments. TERM 62
molecule
DEFINITION 62 A 'molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from ions by their lack of electrical charge. TERM 63
organ (biology)
DEFINITION 63 In biology, an organ or viscus is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function. TERM 64
community (biology)
DEFINITION 64 In ecology, a community is an assemblage or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also known as a biocoenosis The term community has a variety of uses. TERM 65
reductionism
DEFINITION 65 Reductionism refers to several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of other phenomena, the latter of which are considered in some manner simpler or more fundamental.
cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus. It comprises cytosol and the organelles - the cell's internal sub-structures. TERM 67
multicellular organisms
DEFINITION 67 Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organisms. TERM 68
nucleoid
DEFINITION 68 The nucleoid is an irregularly shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material, called genophore. TERM 69
DNA
DEFINITION 69 Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. TERM 70
nucleotides
DEFINITION 70 Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules in all life-forms on Earth.
Animalia
Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals are motile, heterotrophic (consume organic material); they reproduce sexually, and their embryonic development includes a blastula stage. TERM 77
descent with modification
DEFINITION 77 Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. TERM 78
inductive reasoning
DEFINITION 78 Inductive reasoning is reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion. TERM 79
scientific method
DEFINITION 79 The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. TERM 80
controlled experiment
DEFINITION 80 A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable.
science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
