Acids, Bases and Alkalis Cheat Sheet
by fongrsy via cheatography.com/65383/cs/16397/
Definitions
Acids Acids are compounds which
ionise/dissociate in water to produce
hydrogen ions (H ).
Bases Bases are compounds that are metal
oxides or hydroxides that react with an
acid to give a salt and water only.
Alkalis Alkalis are bases that
ionise/dissociate in water to produce
hydroxide ions (OH ).
Examples of Acids & Bases
Acid Chemical
Formula
Base Chemical
Formula
Hydrochl
oric Acid
HCl Magnesium
Oxide
MgO
Sulfuric
Acid
H2SO4 Copper (II)
Oxide
CuO
Nitric
Acid
HNO3 Sodium
Hydroxide
NaOH
Citric
Acid
C6H8O7 Potassium
Hydroxide
KOH
Ethanoic
Acid
CH3CO2H Calcium
Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
Lactic
Acid
C3H6O3 Aqueous
Ammonia
NH3
Acids 1 to 3 are known as mineral / inorganic
acids while Acids 4 to 6 are known as organic
acids.
Bases 1 & 2 are insoluble bases while Bases 3
to 6 are soluble bases / alkalis.
Metal Reactivity Series
Types of Reactions
Metal + Acid Salt + Hydrogen Gas
Metal Carbonate + Acid Salt + Water +
Carbon Dioxide
Metal Oxide + Acid Salt + Water
Metal Hydroxide + Acid Salt + Water
Base + Acid Salt + Water (Neutralisation)
Alkali + Acid Salt + Water (Neutralisation)
Alkali + Ammonium Salt Salt + Water +
Ammonia Gas
Alkali + Salt Metal Hydroxide + Salt
Tests for Gases:
Hydrogen Gas - Extinguishes a lighted splinter
with a 'pop' sound.
Carbon Dioxide Gas - Released as
effervescence. Reacts with limewater to form a
white precipitate.
Ammonia Gas - Pungent odour. Turns red
litmus paper blue.
Notes:
Base / Alkali + Acid is an exothermic reaction.
Pb (s) + H2SO4 / HCl PbSO4 / PbCl2 + H2
Lead reacts slowly then stops. Salt forms on
the surface of the lead. The salt formed is
insoluble.
pH Scale
Acidic solutions have pH values < 7.
They contain more H ions and fewer OH
ions.
Neutral solutions have pH values = 7.
They contain equal amounts of H ions and
OH ions.
Alkaline solutions have pH values > 7.
They contain more OH ions and fewer H
ions.
Ionic Equations
1. Write a balanced chemical equation with
state symbols.
2. Check which reactants and products can
form ions in water. (Aqueous)
3. Split up these reactants and products into
their respective ions.
4. Check for ions that appear in both LHS &
RHS of the equation, these are spectator ions
that can be removed from the equation.
Ionic Equations (cont)
5. For those reactants and products which are
unable to form ions, do not split the
compounds.
6. What is left will be the net ionic equation.
The coefficients must be in the lowest ratio.
Polyatomic Ions
Charge Name Chemical Formula
1+ Ammonium NH4
Hydronium H3O
1- Nitrate NO3
Hydroxide OH
Ethanoate CH3COO
2- Carbonate CO3
Sulfate SO4
3- Phosphate PO4
Notes:
Silver ion: Ag
Zinc ion: Zn
Properties of Acids
1. Acids are corrosive.
2. Acids have a sour taste.
3. Acidic solutions conduct electricity.
(Electrolytes)
4. Acids change the colour of indicators.
Litmus Paper: Blue to Red
Methyl Orange Solution: Orange to Red
Universal Indicator Paper: Orange to Red
Universal Indicator Solution: Green to Red
Properties of Alkalis
1. Alkalis have a soapy feeling and a bitter
taste.
2. Alkaline solutions conduct electricity.
(Electrolytes)
3. Alkalis change the colour of indicators.
Litmus Paper: Red to Blue
Methyl Orange Solution: Orange to Yellow
Universal Indicator Paper: Orange to Violet
Universal Indicator Solution: Green to Violet
By fongrsy
cheatography.com/fongrsy/
Published 21st July, 2018.
Last updated 26th July, 2018.
Page 1 of 2.
Sponsored by Readability-Score.com
Measure your website readability!
https://readability-score.com
+
-
+ -
+
-
- +
+
+
-
-
-
2-
2-
3-
+
2+
