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Chem |! 103 |! Exam |! 1 |! - |! UW |! Madison |!
questions |! with |! accurate |! detailed |!
answers
What |! is |! an |! acid? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔solution |! has |! an |! excess |! of |! H+ |! ions What |! is |! a |! base? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔solution |! has |! an |! excess |! of |! hydroxyl |! ions |! (OH-) What |! is |! neutralization? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-process |! where |! acid |! and |! base |! are |! mixed |! until |! they |! become |! neutral |! and |! the |! PH |! is |! 7. What |! are |! the |! two |! products |! of |! a |! neutralization |! chemical |! reaction? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔water |! and |! salt |! ( |! The |! type |! of |! salt |! depends |! on |! acid |! or |! base |! added |! to |! neutralize.) What |! is |! a |! weak |! acid? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔an |! acid |! that |! only |! partially |! ionizes |! in |! an |! aqueous |! solution. |! This |! means |! that |! not |! every |! molecule |! breaks |! apart. pH |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔is |! a |! measurement |! of |! how |! acidic |! or |! how |! basic |! a |! solution |! is.
Why |! is |! pH |! important |! to |! biology? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Cells |! survive |! in |! a |! specific |! pH |! range. Human |! blood |! is |! maintain |! at |! 7pH |! for |! homostasis. The |! stomach |! has |! acids |! to |! break |! down |! food. Bile |! from |! the |! liver |! is |! a |! base |! which |! breaks |! down |! fats |! & |! grease. What |! is |! a |! buffer? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! substance |! to |! help |! to |! neutralize/balance |! pH |! levels. What |! are |! pH |! indicators? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔They |! are |! used |! to |! tell |! you |! the |! pH |! value. Examples |! are |! phenalphelein |! and |! bromthymol |! blue. What |! are |! the |! properties |! of |! an |! acid? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔taste |! sour, |! conduct |! electricity, |! corrosive, |! reacts |! with |! metals, |! turns |! litmus |! paper |! red. Give |! examples |! of |! acids |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HCL |! which |! is |! in |! your |! stomack. Sulfuric |! acid |! which |! is |! used |! a |! lot |! in |! industries |! to |! make |! fertilzers, |! paints, |! etc. |! Tums |! antacid |! used |! to |! neutralize |! stomach |! acids. What |! are |! some |! uses |! of |! bases? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔soaps |! and |! cleaning |! products used |! in |! batteries
What |! is |! a |! weak |! acid? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔An |! acid |! that |! only |! partially |! ionizes |! (breaks |! down) |! in |! a |! solution. |! Weak |! acids |! are |! close |! to |! 7pH What |! is |! a |! weak |! base? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔A |! weak |! base |! will |! only |! parttally |! ionize |! in |! a |! solution. |! This |! means |! that |! not |! every |! molecule |! breaks |! apart. What |! is |! a |! chemical |! change? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔When |! a |! change |! in |! composition |! occurs |! giving |! new |! substances |! with |! new |! properties. Example |! when |! wood |! changes |! to |! carbon. |! Wood |! and |! carbon |! do |! not |! have |! similar |! properties. WHat |! is |! a |! physical |! change? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔When |! a |! change |! does |! NOT |! change |! the |! composition. What |! are |! indicators |! of |! a |! chemical |! change? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Observations |! such |! as |! what |! you |! see( |! color |! change, |! precipitant |! (solids |! in |! solutions) |! Hear-boom |! Smell |! Taste-sour/sweet |! Feel-hot |! or |! cold. Also, |! bubbles |! indicate |! gas.. What |! is |! the |! law |! of |! conservation |! of |! mass? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Mass |! is |! not |! created |! nor |! destroyed. What |! is |! a |! chemical |! formula? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-chemical |! symbols |! represent |! molecules |! with |! subscripts |! to |! represent |! the |! number |! of |! that |! element. NaCl |! represents |! table |! salt.
Reactants |! are |! on |! the |! right |! or |! left |! of |! the |! -> |! (yield) |! sign |! in |! a |! chemical |! equation. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔left Products |! are |! on |! the |! left |! or |! right |! of |! the |! ->(yield) |! sign |! in |! a |! chemical |! equation. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔right What |! does |! the |! -> |! represent |! in |! a |! chemical |! equation? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔yield |! or |! to |! produce What |! is |! a |! chemical |! equation? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔It |! represents |! with |! chemical |! formulas |! a |! chemical |! change/reaction. When |! one |! molecule |! splits |! apart |! and |! switch |! places |! this |! is |! called |! a |! __ |! reaction. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔replacement |! type |! of |! chemical |! reaction What |! is |! a |! reactant |! in |! a |! chemical |! equation? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔They |! are |! substances |! that |! are |! present |! before |! the |! chemical |! change |! takes |! place. |! They |! are |! what |! you |! put |! into |! the |! chemical |! reaction |! to |! cause |! a |! chemical |! change. What |! is |! a |! product |! in |! a |! chemical |! equation? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Chemicals |! that |! are |! formed |! during |! the |! chemical |! change. When |! energy |! is |! absorbed |! in |! a |! chemical |! reaction |! it |! is |! a |! __reaction. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔endothermic
What |! happens |! in |! a |! chemical |! reaction? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔bonds |! between |! atoms |! are |! broken |! and |! new |! bonds |! are |! formed. Why |! are |! chemical |! equations |! balanced? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔When |! chemical |! equations |! are |! balanced |! they |! have |! the |! same |! number |! of |! the |! same |! atom |! on |! both |! sides |! of |! the |! equation. |! This |! is |! because |! of |! the |! law |! of |! conservation |! of |! matter. How |! does |! a |! catalyst |! increase |! the |! reaction |! rate? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔by |! lowering |! the |! activation |! energy Describe |! the |! types |! of |! chemcial |! reactions? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Synthesis |! A |! + |! B |! -> |! AB |! (single |! product) Decomposition |! AB-> |! A |! + |! B |! ( |! breaks |! down |! into |! smaller |! elements) Single |! Replacement |! AB |! + |! C |! -> |! AC |! + |! B Double |! Replacement |! AB |! + |! CD |! -> |! AD |! + |! BC Neutralization |! acid |! + |! base |! -> |! water |! + |! salt What |! is |! a |! synthesis |! chemical |! equation? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔When |! two |! ro |! more |! substances |! combine |! in |! a |! chemical |! reaction |! to |! form |! another |! substance |! . What |! is |! a |! decomposition |! chemical |! equation? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! breakdown |! of |! a |! substance |! into |! two |! or |! more |! simpler |! substances.
What |! is |! a |! macromolecule? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔They |! are |! large |! molecules |! which |! are |! needed |! for |! a |! living |! organism. |! They |! are |! fats, |! proteins, |! nucleic |! acid |! (DNA, |! RNA) |! and |! carbohydrate. Carbon |! is |! unique |! and |! causes |! the |! formation |! of |! long |! chains |! in |! macromolecules |! because |! of |! its |! __ |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔four |! valence |! electrons What |! is |! the |! word |! chemical |! equation |! for |! photosynthesis? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔carbon |! dioxide |! + |! water |! -> |! glucose |! and |! oxygen |! gas What |! are |! the |! reactants |! in |! photosynthesis? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔carbon |! dioxide |! and |! water What |! are |! the |! products |! in |! photosynthesis? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔glucose |! and |! oxygen |! gas What |! factors |! influence |! the |! rate |! of |! chemical |! reaction? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔pH |! concentration |! pressure, |! surface |! area, |! temperature What |! is |! the |! name |! of |! the |! white |! horse |! on |! my |! farm? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Ghost Atoms |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-the |! submicroscopic |! particles |! that |! constitute |! the |! fundamental |! building |! blocks |! of |! mater |! -each |! has |! its |! own |! unique |! properties |! (mass, |! physical |! characteristics)
- |! no |! fixed |! shape |!
- |! moderately |! compressible Liquid |! (microscopic) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1. |! In |! translational |! motion |!
- |! closer |! together |! than |! gases |!
- |! short |! range |! order, |! long |! range |! disorder Solid |! (macroscopic) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1. |! fixed |! volume |! and |! shape |!
- |! incompressible Solid |! (microscopic) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1. |! molecules |! are |! packed |! closely |! together |! in |! fixed |! positions crystalline |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔atoms |! and |! molecules |! are |! arranged |! in |! an |! ordered |! repeating |! pattern. |! Both |! short |! and |! long |! range |! order |! -ex: |! diamond amorphous |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔have |! short |! range |! order, |! but |! long |! range |! disorder. |! No |! repeating |! pattern |! of |! atoms/molecules |! -ex: |! charcoal Pure |! substances |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔matter |! with |! fixed |! composition |! and |! distinct |! proportions |! of |! atoms
Elements |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cannot |! be |! decomposed |! into |! simpler |! substances |! (only |! one |! kind |! of |! atoms) |! -elements |! vary |! in |! abundance Compounds |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-combinations |! of |! elements |! -compounds |! have |! very |! different |! properties |! from |! the |! elements |! that |! make |! them |! up. Mixtures |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔combination |! of |! two |! or |! more |! pure |! substances Heterogeneous |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔substances |! are |! in |! different |! phases. |! ex: |! Milk Homogenous |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔all |! components |! in |! one |! phase |! (sometimes |! called |! a |! solution) |! ex: |! koolaide Physical |! properties |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔measured |! without |! changing |! the |! substance |! ex: |! color, |! mass, |! density, |! melting |! or |! boiling |! point Chemical |! Properties |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔describes |! how |! a |! substance |! reacts |! to |! form |! a |! new |! compound |! ex: |! flammability
Heat |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔is |! the |! transfer |! of |! energy |! from |! one |! substance |! to |! another Kinetic |! energy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! energy |! an |! object |! possess |! by |! virtue |! of |! its |! motion |! equation: |! 1/2mv^ Potential |! Energy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! energy |! an |! object |! possess |! by |! virtue |! of |! its |! position |! relative |! to |! other |! objects |! ex: |! weight |! on |! ground |! (gravity |! acting |! on |! the |! weight) Law |! of |! Conservation |! of |! Energy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Energy |! is |! neither |! created |! nor |! destroyed |! only |! changed |! from |! one |! form |! to |! another |! OR |! transferred |! from |! one |! object |! to |! another Mass |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔is |! a |! measure |! of |! the |! amount |! of |! material |! in |! an |! object Temperature |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔scientific |! studies |! use |! the |! Kelvin |! Scale |! and |! the |! Celcius |! scales Kilo |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1,000 |! (k) Centi |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔.01 |! (c)
Milli |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔0.001 |! (m) Micro |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔10^-6 |! (weird |! M |! sign) Nano |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔10^-9 |! (n) Derived |! Units |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔are |! formed |! from |! the |! seven |! base |! units Volume |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔has |! units |! of |! length Density |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔is |! used |! to |! characterize |! substances Precision |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔how |! well |! measured |! qualities |! agree |! with |! one |! another Accuracy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔how |! well |! measured |! qualities |! agree |! with |! the |! "true |! value" Significant |! Figures |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔all |! the |! measured |! digets |! PLUS |! one |! estimated |! diget. Adding |! or |! subtracting |! sig |! figs |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-round |! the |! answer |! to |! the |! least |! number |! of |! decimal |! places
Cathode |! Rays |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-radiation |! produced |! when |! high |! voltage |! is |! applied |! across |! the |! tube Negative |! electrode |! (cathode) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔source |! of |! electrons Positive |! electrode |! (anode) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔attracts |! electrons Millikan |! Oil |! Drop |! Experiment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔find |! the |! charge |! on |! the |! electron |! to |! determine |! its |! mass Plum-pudding |! model |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ To |! account |! for |! the |! small |! number |! of |! _____________ |! _________________ |! of |! the |! "+" |! particles |! the |! center |! or |! nucleus |! of |! the |! atom |! must |! consist |! of |! a |! dense |! positive |! charge. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Large |! deflections In |! order, |! for |! the |! majority |! of |! the |! "+" |! particles |! shot |! through |! the |! foil |! to |! be |! undeflected, |! the |! majority |! of |! the |! atom |! must |! be |! _________ |! __________ |! (where |! the |! electrons |! are) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔empty |! space Protons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔positive Electrons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Negative
Neutrons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Neutral Protons |! and |! neurons |! are |! located |! in |! the |! ___________ |! of |! the |! atom, |! which |! is |! small. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔nucleus Electrons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-are |! located |! outside |! the |! nucleus -most |! of |! the |! volume |! of |! an |! atom |! is |! the |! space |! where |! the |! electrons |! are |! found Angstrom |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-distance |! between |! atoms Elements |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔defined |! by |! their |! number |! of |! protons Atomic |! Number |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Number |! of |! protons Mass |! Number |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔A |! total |! number |! of |! protons |! and |! neurons |! in |! the |! nucleus what |! are |! the |! two |! basic |! types |! of |! chemical |! bonds? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- Chemical |! bonds -Ionic |! Bonds Chemical |! bonds |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-compounds |! are |! composed |! of |! atoms |! held |! together |! by |! chemical |! bonds
molecular |! formulas |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔give |! the |! actual |! types |! and |! numbers |! of |! electrons |! on |! a |! compound empirical |! formula |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔lowest |! whole |! number |! ratio |! of |! an |! element |! in |! a |! compound atomic |! element |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔exists |! in |! nature |! with |! single |! atoms |! as |! their |! basic |! units |! ex: |! helium |! is |! compose |! of |! helium |! atoms molecular |! element |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔do |! not |! normally |! exist |! in |! nature |! with |! single |! atoms |! as |! their |! basic |! units; |! instead |! they |! exist |! as |! molecules- |! two |! or |! more |! atoms |! of |! the |! element |! bonded |! together |! ex: |! hydrogen |! (h2) Positive |! ions |! (cations) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cations |! formed |! from |! a |! metal |! have |! the |! same |! name |! as |! the |! metal Negative |! ions |! (anions) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔monoatomic |! anions |! (with |! only |! one |! atom) |! use |! the |! ending |! -ide Ionic |! Compounds |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔these |! are |! named |! cation |! then |! anion Formula |! Mass |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! sum |! of |! the |! atomic |! masses |! of |! the |! atoms |! in |! a |! compound |! as |! shown |! in |! the |! molecular |! formula
Molar |! mass |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! mass |! in |! grams |! of |! 1 |! mole |! of |! a |! substance Avagadros |! Number |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ To |! convert |! between |! moles |! and |! number |! of |! molecules |! we |! use |! ______________ |! _______________ |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Avagadros |! Number Empirical |! Formula |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔smallest |! whole |! number |! ratio |! of |! atoms |! in |! a |! compound Combustion |! Analysis: |! The |! amount |! of |! CO2 |! gives |! the |! amount |! of |! ________ |! in |! the |! original |! compound |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Carbon the |! amount |! of |! H2O |! gives |! the |! amount |! of |! ________________ |! in |! the |! original |! compound |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Hydrogen Physical |! Property |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Can |! be |! observed |! or |! measured |! WITHOUT |! changing |! the |! identity |! of |! the |! material Examples |! of |! a |! Physical |! Property |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Changes |! in |! Color, |! Odor, |! Solubility, |! Hardness, |! Conductivity, |! Mass, |! Temperature, |! Melting |! Point, |! Density, |! Freezing |! Point, |! Boiling |! Point
