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CHEM |! 103 |! FINAL |! EXAM |! WITH |! CORRECT |!
ANSWERS
Lewis |! Structures |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔represents |! the |! transfer |! or |! the |! sharing |! of |! electrons |! in |! chemical |! bonds octet |! rule |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔EVERY |! ATOM |! WANTS |! 8 |! ELECTRONS |! IN |! THEIR |! OUTERSHELL ionic |! bonding |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chemical |! bond |! formed |! through |! the |! transfer |! of |! one |! or |! more |! electrons |! from |! one |! atom |! or |! group |! of |! atoms |! to |! another |! group |! EX |! : |! NaBr metals |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔give nonmetals |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔take oxidation |! number |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! superscript |! indicating |! the |! charge |! on |! an |! ion ion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔atom |! with |! either |! positive |! or |! negative |! charge
binary |! compound |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔compounds |! in |! which |! 2 |! elements |! are |! present |! , |! metal |! and |! non |! metal |! - |! nonmetal |! changes |! to |! ide ionization |! energy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔energy |! required |! to |! remove |! the |! most |! loosley |! held |! electron |! from |! outer |! shell |! ; |! up |! and |! to |! the |! right polyatomic |! molecule |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔nonmetals |! that |! form |! one |! ion covalent |! bond |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔sharing |! of |! electrons |! EX |! : |! CO polyatomic |! ions |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Ag |! silver |! ion |! Fe |! 2+ |! ferrous |! ion |! Fe |! 3+ |! ferric |! ion Cu |! 1+ |! cuprous |! ion Cu |! 2+ |! cupric |! ion binary |! molecule |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1st |! word |! : |! prefix |! and |! full |! name 2nd |! word |! : |! prefix |! and |! stem |! and |! ide mono |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 1
Linus |! Pauling |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Nobel |! prize |! Chemist electronegativity |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔measure |! of |! atoms |! attraction |! for |! electrons |! it |! shares |! with |! another |! atom |! in |! a |! chemical |! bond electronegativity |! increases |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔left |! to |! right electronegativity |! decreases |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔top |! to |! bottom repulsion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔gives |! molecule |! shape, |! describes |! distance |! b/w |! bonding |! and |! non |! bonding |! pairs |! of |! electrons molecular |! geometry |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 3 |! dimensional |! arrangement |! of |! atom |! within |! a |! molecule VSEPR |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔valence |! shell |! electron |! pair |! repulsion |! theory |! - |! set |! of |! procedures |! for |! predicting |! a |! 3 |! dimensional |! geometry |! molecule NH4 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ammonium |! with |! 1 |! superscript OH |! 1 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔hydroxide NO2 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔nitrite |! with |! -1 |! superscript
NO3 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔nitrate |! with |! -1 |! superscript C2H3O2 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔acetate |! with |! -1 |! superscript HCO3 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔bicarbonate |! with |! -1 |! superscript CO3 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔carbonate |! with |! -2 |! superscript SO3 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔sulfite |! with |! -2 |! superscript SO4 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔sulfate |! with |! -2 |! superscript PO4 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔phosphate |! with |! -3 |! superscript CN |! 1 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cyanide molar |! mass |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔sum |! of |! all |! atomic |! masses |! in |! a |! compound moles |! conversion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔division |! ( |! mass |! ) over |! ( |! atomic |! mass |! )
non |! polar |! bond |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔symmetrical |! distribution |! of |! electron |! charge |! H2 |! N polar |! bond |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! bond |! in |! which |! there |! is |! an |! unsymmetrical |! distribution |! of |! electron |! charge |! HCl |! and |! CO compressibility |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔measure |! of |! change |! in |! a |! volume |! due |! to |! a |! change |! in |! pressure thermal |! expansion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔measure |! of |! change |! in |! a |! volume |! due |! to |! a |! change |! in |! temperature kinetic |! energy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔energy |! that |! matter |! possesses |! because |! of |! the |! particle |! motion |! - |! ENERGY |! IN |! MOTION potential |! energy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔stored |! energy |! that |! matter |! possesses |! as |! a |! result |! of |! its |! position, |! condition |! and |! / |! or |! composition |!
electrostatic |! interaction |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔an |! attraction |! or |! repulsion |! that |! occurs |! between |! charged |! particles kinetic |! molecular |! theory |! of |! matter |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔explains |! physical |! behavior |! of |! the |! three |! states |! of |! matter what |! are |! the |! 5 |! parts |! of |! the |! kinetic |! molecular |! theory |! of |! matter? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1. |! matter |! is |! composed |! of |! tiny |! particles
- |! particles |! possess |! potential |! energy
- |! particles |! possess |! kinetic |! energy
- |! velocity |! of |! the |! particles |! increase |! as |! the |! temperature |! is |! increased
- |! particles |! transfer |! energy |! through |! collisions solid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔definite |! volume |! and |! definite |! shape |! high |! density small |! compressibility liquid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔definite |! volume |! and |! indefinite |! shape high |! density small |! compressibility gas |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔indefinite |! volume |! and |! indefinite |! shape low |! density large |! compressibilty
Temp. |! increases |! volume |! increases Temp |! decreases |! volume |! decreases Combined |! Gas |! Law |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Boyle's |! and |! Charles' |! combined P1V1/T1 |! = |! P2V2/T Ideal |! Gas |! Law |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔PV |! = |! nRT Pressure |! = |! atm Temp. |! = |! K Volume |! = |! Liters n |! = |! moles R |! = |! .0821 |! (Universial |! Gas |! constant) Dalton's |! Law |! (Partial |! Pressures) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔P |! total |! = |! P1 |! +P2 |! +P3 |! + |! ...... total |! pressure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! sum |! of |! the |! partial |! pressure |! of |! the |! individual |! gases partial |! pressure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! pressure |! it |! would |! exert |! if |! it |! were |! the |! only |! gas |! in |! the |! container
change |! of |! state |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! substance |! change |! from |! one |! form |! to |! another TEMP |! IS |! ALWAYS |! CONSTANT sublimination |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! substance |! changes |! directly |! to |! a |! gas |! from |! a |! solid endothermic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔heat |! energy |! is |! abosorbed exothermic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔heat |! energy |! is |! given |! off evaporation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔molecules |! escape |! from |! the |! liquid |! state |! to |! the |! gas |! state rate |! of |! evaporation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔increases |! with |! temperature vapor |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! gas |! that |! exists |! at |! a |! temperature |! and |! pressure |! at |! which |! it |! would |! ordinarily |! be |! thought |! of |! as |! liquid |! or |! solid volatile |! substance |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔substance |! that |! readily |! evaporates |! at |! room |! temperature |! because |! of |! high |! vapor |! pressure
EX. |! Glass solution |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔homogeneous |! mixture |! solute |! + |! solvent properties |! of |! solution |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1. |! distribution |! of |! particles |! is |! uniform
- |! components |! do |! not |! separate |! on |! standing
- |! cant |! be |! separated |! by |! filtration
- |! many |! compositions |! with |! the |! same |! solute |! and |! solvent
- |! almost |! always |! transparent6. |! can |! be |! separated |! into |! pure |! components solubility |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔maximum |! amount |! of |! solute |! that |! will |! dissolve |! in |! a |! given |! amount |! of |! solvent solids |! and |! liquids |! - |! increase |! temperature gases |! - |! cold |! liquid |! with |! high |! pressure Henry's |! Law |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔solubility |! of |! a |! gas |! in |! a |! liquid |! is |! directly |! proportional |! to |! the |! pressure
Unsaturated |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔contains |! less |! than |! maximum |! amount |! of |! solute Saturated |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔contains |! the |! maximum |! amount |! of |! solute |! that |! can |! dissolve |! in |! the |! solvent Super |! saturated |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔an |! unstable |! solution |! which |! temporarily |! contains |! more |! solute |! than |! at |! normal |! conditions aqueous |! solution |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔water |! is |! the |! solvent non |! aqueous |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔any |! solution |! where |! the |! water |! isnt |! the |! solvent solubility |! rule |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔guide |! line |! of |! the |! solubility |! of |! ionic |! compounds |! in |! water all |! nitrates |! and |! group |! 1A |! are |! soluble concentrated |! solution |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔contains |! large |! amount |! of |! solute |! to |! solvent dilute |! solution |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔small |! amount |! of |! a |! solute |! to |! a |! large |! amount |! of |! solvent
hygroscopic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔substance |! that |! absorbs |! water |! from |! the |! atmosphere colligative |! property |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔physical |! property |! of |! a |! solution |! that |! depends |! only |! on |! the |! number |! (concentration) |! of |! a |! solute |! particles |! (molecules |! or |! ions) |! present |! in |! a |! given |! quantity |! of |! solvent |! and |! not |! on |! their |! chemical |! identities
- |! vapor |! pressure |! lowering
- |! boiling |! point |! elevation
- |! freezing |! point |! depression |!
- |! osmotic |! pressure dissociation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔splitting |! of |! ion |! pair |! into |! free |! ions |! capable |! of |! carrying |! an |! electric |! current boiling |! point |! elevation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! presence |! of |! a |! non |! volatile |! solute |! in |! a |! pure |! liquid |! solvent |! raises |! the |! boiling |! point |! of |! the |! solvent freezing |! point |! depression |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! presence |! of |! a |! non-volatile |! solute |! in |! a |! pure |! solvent |! depresses |! lowers |! the |! freezing |! point
colloidal |! dispersion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔mixture |! that |! contains |! dispersed |! particles |! that |! are |! intermediate |! in |! size |! b/w |! those |! of |! a |! true |! solution |! and |! those |! of |! a |! het. |! mixture |!
- |! discernible |! by |! the |! naked |! eye
- |! do |! not |! settle |! out
- |! cannot |! be |! filtered |! with |! filter |! paper tyndall |! effect |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! scattering |! of |! light |! by |! colloid |! particles brownian |! motion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔motion |! of |! any |! colloidal |! particle |! suspended |! in |! a |! solvent EX. |! Dust dispersing |! medium |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔material |! that |! particles |! are |! dispersed |! Examples: |! smoke, |! clouds, |! marshmellows, |! whipped |! cream osmosis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔passage |! of |! a |! solvent |! through |! a |! semipermeable |! membrane |! separating |! a |! dilute |! solution |! from |! a |! more |! concentrate |! solution semipermeable |! membrane |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔membrane |! that |! allows |! certain |! types |! of |! molecules |! to |! pass |! through |! it |! but |! prohibits |! the |! passage |! of |! other |! types |! of |! molecules
hypertonic |! solution |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔solution |! with |! higher |! osmotic |! pressure |! than |! within |! the |! cells. |! Water |! flows |! out |! and |! shrinks. crenation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔shrinking |! of |! cells |! due |! to |! loss |! of |! water dialysis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔process |! where |! a |! semipermeable |! membrane |! allows |! passage |! of |! a |! solvent |! dissolved |! ions |! and |! small |! molecules, |! but |! blocks |! colloidal |! size |! particles |! and |! large |! molecules |! Ex. |! proteins hemodialysis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔kidneys |! fail, |! artificial |! kidney |! uses |! hemodialysis |! to |! remove |! waste |! particles, |! such |! as |! urea, |! from |! blood 5 |! types |! of |! reactions |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔combustion composition decomposition single |! replacement double |! replacement combustion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔uses |! heat composition |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 2 |! reactants |! become |! one |! product |! X |! + |! Y |! ---> |! XY
decomposition |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔one |! reactant |! becomes |! 2 |! products XY |! ----> |! X |! + |! Y single |! replacement |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔replacing |! one |! ion X+YZ |! ---> |! Y |! + |! XZ double |! replacement |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔exchange |! reaction AB |! + |! CD |! ---> |! AD |! + |! CB collision |! theory |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔conditions |! needed |! for |! chemical |! reaction |! to |! occur
- |! Molecular |! collisions
- |! Activation |! Energy
- |! Collision |! Orientation molecular |! collisions |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔reactant |! molecules, |! ions, |! or |! atoms |! must |! collide |! with |! one |! another |! in |! order |! for |! a |! chemical |! change |! to |! occur activation |! energy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔min. |! amount |! of |! kinetic |! energy |! needed |! for |! the |! collision |! of |! reactant |! particles |! to |! result |! in |! a |! chemical |! reaction.
