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Molecular Weight Determination of Volatile Liquids: Chemistry Experiment, Lab Reports of Chemistry

This experiment aims to determine the molar mass of an unknown volatile liquid using the ideal gas law. The procedure involves vaporizing the liquid, measuring its mass, volume, pressure, and temperature, and then applying the formula mw = drt/p to calculate the molecular weight. The experiment includes a detailed procedure, data collection, and analysis, with calculations for density and molecular weight. Potential sources of error, such as vapor leakage and incomplete condensation, are discussed, along with suggestions for improvement. The experiment concludes by identifying the unknown compound as acetone based on the calculated molecular weight and comparison with known compounds. Useful for chemistry students learning about gas laws and experimental techniques in determining molecular weights.

Typology: Lab Reports

2023/2024

Available from 05/30/2025

Usvah-Hasan
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Baton Rouge Community College
Experiment title:
Experiment 8 - Molecular Weight of Unknown Compound
Course/Section #:
Chemistry 1121
Semester:
Spring 2024
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the molar mass of unknown volatile liquid and
identity it.
The reaction was carried out by following method:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXQocxXmt-E
The equation used in this experiment are:
Density = mass / volume
MW = dRT /P
Where
MW = Molecular weight
P = Pressure of the room in atm
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Baton Rouge Community College

Experiment title:

Experiment 8 - Molecular Weight of Unknown Compound

Course/Section #:

Chemistry 1121

Semester:

Spring 2024

ABSTRACT:

The purpose of this experiment is to measure the molar mass of unknown volatile liquid and identity it. The reaction was carried out by following method: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXQocxXmt-E The equation used in this experiment are: Density = mass / volume MW = dRT /P Where MW = Molecular weight P = Pressure of the room in atm

d = Density, grams of liquid divided by volume of container T = Temperature of boiling water in kelvin R = Universal gas constant

Chemicals:

Name Chemical Formula Hazard Acetone CH 3 COCH 3 N/A

DATA/ANALYSIS:

Procedure

  1. Placed the flask on weighing balance and measured the mass of flask.
  2. Added 5 mL of volatile liquid in flask.
  3. Covered the flask with foil and poked a hole in it.
  4. Boiled the water in beaker, observed the temperature and placed the flask in it.
  5. Once all liquid is vaporized, removed the flask and allowed the gas to condense.
  6. Measured the weight of flask.
  7. Repeated the procedure one more time.

DATA TABLE

R= 0.08206 L atm / mol K Trial 1 Trial 2 Initial mass of flask 126.07 44 g 126.0744 g Volume of flask 0.280 L 0.280 L Pressure 0.9966 atm 0.9966 atm Temperature of boiling water 367 K 369.5 K Mass of flask after condensation 126.5011 g 126.5902 g

MW = 56.05 g / mol

Taking average of both MW = (46.36 + 56.05) ½

Molecular weight of the unknown = 51.20 g / mol

Possible compounds:

Acetone = 58.09 g/ mol

Cyclohexane = 84.18 g/ mol

Ethyl acetate = 88.12 g /mol

Apparatus:

CONCLUSION:

In this experiment, we learned how to determine the molecular weight of an unknown volatile liquid. We correctly determined the molecular weight of the unknown liquid, and based on our possible compounds, we can conclude that it is acetone. The 11.86% inaccuracy could be due to vapors escaping from the hole in the foil. It could be due to incomplete condensation, gas, or some other human mistake. It can be improved by implementing specific procedures. Nonetheless, we successfully identified the unknown compound.