Download Chem 210 Exam 3 with precise detailed answers and more Exams Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
Chem || 210 || Exam || 3 || with || precise ||
detailed || answers
what || factors || explain || the || outcomes || of || reactions? || - || Correct || answer || ✔hybridization, || delocalization, || eN, || atom || density what || is || a || leaving || group? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || group || of || atom(s) || that || can || be || stable || on || its || own
- || eN || atoms || that || are || good || LG || also || make || strong || acids what || is || the || α || carbon? || - || Correct || answer || ✔C || directly || attached || to || leaving || group what || are || β || Cs? || β || Hs? || - || Correct || answer || ✔βC: || C(s) || attached || to || α || carbon βH: || H(s) || attached || to || βC what || is || a || LB? || is || it || a || nucleophile || or || electrophile? || - || Correct || answer || ✔lewis || base, || nucleophile what || is || nucleophilic || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔substitution || of || LG || by || a || nucleophile, || like || LB is || the || C-LG || complex || a || nucleophile || electrophile? || - || Correct || answer || ✔electrophile
what || happens || in || an || elimination || reaction || (in || general)? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || LG || & || beta || H || break || off
- || LB || bonds || to || beta || H
- || 2 || sigma || bonds || -> || 1 || pi || bond || btwn || alpha || and || beta || C in || the || nucleophile || O(neg)-CH3, || what || is || the || nucleophilic || atom? || - || Correct || answer || ✔oxygen what || are || the || types || of || substitution || products? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || substitution || w/ || retention || of || configuration
- || substitution || w/ || inversion || of || configuration what || does || allylic || mean? || benzylic? || propargylic? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || allylic: || (attached || to) || a || carbon || that || is || attached || to || C || double || bond || C
- || benzylic || (attached || to) || a || C || that || is || attached || to || benzene
- || propargylic: || (attached || to) || a || C || that || is || attached || to || C || triple || bond || C what || is || degree || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔# || of || Cs || attached || to || Carbon || atom || in || question what || does || "heteroatom || substituted" || mean? || - || Correct || answer || ✔substituted || by || a || heteroatom || (atom/group || of || atoms || that || replace || >= || 1 || H || atoms || from || hydrocarbon)
- || elimination || involving || unimolecular || loss || of || LG || (E1)
- || elimination || involving || deprotonation || first || (E1cb) what || is || elimination || through || biomolecular || collision? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || sigma || bond || forms || btwn || LB-H || as || e- || from || betaH-betaC || bond || are || used || to || from || alphaC-betaC || pi || bond. || LG || leaves, || taking || e- || with || it
- || ends || up || with || C=C, || LB-H, || & || LG
- || fastest || E2 || elimination || when || alignment || of || betaH || & || LG: || anti
- || 2nd || fastest: || eclipsed
- || 1-Step || Mechanism, || 1st || Step || RDS what || is || elimination || involving || unimolecular || loss || of || LG? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || LG || leaves || first, || forms || carbocation. || LB || removes || H, || e= || of || beta || H || & || beta || C || interact || with || alpha || C || p || orbitals || to || form || pi || bond
- || 2-Step || Mechanism, || 1st || Step || RDS what || is || elimination || involving || deprotonation || first || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || LB-H || first, || e- || of || betaH-betaC || go || to || beta || C, || forming || carboanion. || LG || leaves || as || e- || from || carboanion || form || pi || bond || w/ || alpha || C
- || least || common || of || 3 || mechanisms when || inversion || occurs, || does || R || change || to || S || and || vice || versa? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || most || of || the || time, || but || not || always
- || absolute || configuration || always || changes
which || are || preferred, || biomolecular || or || unimolecular || reactions? || why? || - || Correct || answer || ✔biomolecular, || because || they || take || place || in || a || single || step || and || there || are || no || charged || intermediates which || is || easier || to || bond || with, || unhindered || C || or || hindered? || which || one || forms || SN2 || and || which || one || forms || E2? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || unhindered || C || is || easier || to || bond || with || easiest || substitution), || so || it || forms || SN
- || hindered || C || forms || E2, || because || in || E2 || the || LB || only || needs || to || bond || to || the || beta || H || (small || atom), || not || the || hindered || C || (hardest || substitution) what || are || the || 4 || types || of || lewis || bases/nucleophiles? || which || are || capable || of || SN2/E2? || - || Correct || answer || ✔1. || good || e- || donors, || weak || bronsted || bases || (capable || of || SN2/E2)
- || good || e- || donors, || moderate || bronsted || bases || (capable || of || SN2/E2)
- || good || e- || donors, || strong || bronsted || bases || (capable || of || SN2/E2)
- || poor || e- || donors, || weak || bronsted || bases || (not || capable || of || SN2/E2) what || are || the || pkas || of || the || anions/conjugate || acids || of || the || types || of || lewis || bases/nucleophiles? || - || Correct || answer || ✔1. || conj || acid || pka || <15 || (good || e- || donors, || weak || bronsted || bases) ||
- || conj || acid || pka || 15-30 || (good || e- || donors, || moderate || bronsted || bases)
- || conj || acid || pka || >30 || (good || e- || donors, || strong || bronsted || bases)
- || (poor || e- || donors, || weak || bronsted || bases) what || are || some || examples || of || good || e- || donors/weak || bronsted || bases || that || are || NOT || anions || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || uncharged || sp3 || N, || S, || P
- || if || no || SN2/E2 || possible, || then || check: || is || reasonable || C+ || formed || (resonance- stabilized || or || 3°)? || is || there || a || polar || solvent? what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || good || e- || donor || & || weak || base || when || there || is || 1° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔SN what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || good || e- || donor || & || weak || base || when || there || is || 2° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔SN what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || good || e- || donor || & || weak || base || when || there || is || 3° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔No || SN2 || or || E what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || good || e- || donor || & || moderate || base || when || there || is || 1° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔SN what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || good || e- || donor || & || moderate || base || when || there || is || 2° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔E2 || but || if || no || beta || H || then || SN what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || good || e- || donor || & || moderate || base || when || there || is || 3° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔E what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || good || e- || donor || & || strong || base || when || there || is || 1° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔E2 || but || if || no || beta || H || then || SN
what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || good || e- || donor || & || strong || base || when || there || is || 2° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔E what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || good || e- || donor || & || strong || base || when || there || is || 3° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔E what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || poor || e- || donor || & || weak || base || when || there || is || 1° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔No || SN2 || or || E what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || poor || e- || donor || & || weak || base || when || there || is || 2° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔No || SN2 || or || E what || reaction || will || occur || when || for || a || poor || e- || donor || & || weak || base || when || there || is || 3° || of || substitution? || - || Correct || answer || ✔No || SN2 || or || E when || temperature, || increases, || what || will || happen || to || the || rate || for || each || fundamental || reaction? || - || Correct || answer || ✔increase || (direct || relationship) what || are || the || fastest || leaving || leaving || groups? || - || Correct || answer || ✔sulfunate || esters || (triflate || the || fastest, || tosylate || and || mesylate || about || the || same || speed) what || makes || a || SN2 || reaction || faster? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || anti || position || btwn || LG || and || beta || H
- || lower || degree || of || substitution ||
- || larger || atom || in || LB || (more || nucleophilic/polarizable || nbe || pr)
in || a || substitution || rxn, || which || atom || in || the || LB || attaches || to || the || carbon? || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || more || nucleophilic || atom || (less || eN) || and/or || the || larger || atom || (more || polarizable || e-, || so || stronger || covalent || bond) if || there || is || 100% || retention || that || has || occurred || in || a || reaction, || what || type || of || reaction || occurred? || - || Correct || answer || ✔double || inversion what || are || the || shifts || in || a || carbocation || rearrangement? || - || Correct || answer || ✔1,2- hydride || shift || and || 1,2-alkyl || shift || (beta || bonds) in || solving || a || problem, || what || are || the || steps || to || explaining || carbocation || rearrangements? || - || Correct || answer || ✔1. || lewis || structure
- || draw || 1st || carbocation
- || draw || last || carbocation what || are || the || addition || reactions? || - || Correct || answer || ✔1. || electrophilic || addition || of || strong || acid || (addition || of || H/A)
- || H2O || with || atrong || acid || catalyst || (addition || of || H/OH)
- || hydroboronation-oxidation: || BH3 || or || R2BH || then || H2O2 || and || NaOH || (addition || of || H/OH) what || is || a || electrophilic || addition || of || a || strong || acid || reaction? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || addition || of: || H/A
- || reagents: || HA || (acid || pka || <5)
- || expected || mechanisms: || markovnikov || regioselectivity, || syn || and || anti || addition
- || mechanism: ||
- || protonate || and || form || C+
- || capture || C+
- || deprotonate (multiple || times || if || there's || EXCESS, || one || time || if || there's || only || one || equivalent) what || is || a || electrophilic || addition || of || a || weak || acid || reaction? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || addition || of: || H/A
- || reagents: || HA || (acid || pka || ~5-18 || + || acid || catalyst)
- || expected || mechanisms: || markovnikov || regioselectivity, || syn || and || anti || addition
- || mechanism: ||
- || protonate || and || form || C+
- || capture || C+
- || deprotonate (multiple || times || if || there's || EXCESS, || one || time || if || there's || only || one || equivalent) what || is || a || H2O || & || strong || acid || catalyst || reaction? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || addition || of: || H/OH
- || reagents: || H2O || and || catalyst || (strong || acid || like || H2SO4)
- || expected || mechanisms: || markovnikov || regioselectivity, || syn || and || anti || addition
- || mechanism: ||
- || protonate || and || form || C+
- || capture || C+
- || expected || mechanisms: || markovnikov || (CHECK || THIS), || anti || addition || ONLY
- || mechanism: || one || halogen || bonds || with || both || Cs || (syn || bonds) || involved || in || double || bond || to || make || 3 || membered || ring, || then || nucleophile || opens || ring || (like || SN2 || inversion || of || config) || and || bonds || to || partially || positive || carbon || from || other || side || of || bond || (bonds || now || anti), || regioselectivity || like || SN1 || (forms || 1:1 || mixture || of || anti || products: || SS || and || RR) what || is || an || oxidation || reaction || (addition || of || OH/OH)? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || addition || of || OH || and || OH
- || reagents: || OSO4 || or || KMnO
- || expected || stereo: || syn || addition what || is || an || oxidation || reaction || to || form || expoxide? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || addition || of || O || to || double || bonds || to || form || epoxide
- || reagents: || peroxyacids || (sp2 || carbon || single || bonded || to || carbon || group, || double || bonded || to || oxygen, || and || single || bonded || to || oxygen || that's || bonded || to || OH)
- || expected || stereo: || syn || addition what || is || ozonolysis? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || breaking || down || of || C=C || into || 2 || double || bond || to || Os, || or || breaking || down || of || C || triple || bond || C || into || 2 || double || bond || Os || with || OHs || on || side
- || reagents: || O || - || reductive || workup: || Zn || or || (CH3)2S || - || oxidative || workup: || H2O2 || (turns || H || directly || attached || to || original || double || bond || into || OHs)
what || is || a || catalytic || hydrogenation? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || addition || of || H/H || and || breaking || down || of || a || triple || or || double || bond || into || a || single || bond
- || reagents: || H2 || and || metal || catalyst || Pd-C || (such || as || Pd, || Pt, || PtO2, || Ni, || NiCl2, || etc.)
- || stereo: || syn || addition what || is || poisoned || catalyst || hydrogenation? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || addition || of || H/H || and || breaking || down || of || a || triple || into || a || double || bond || (Z)
- || reagents: || H2 || and || Pd-BaSO4 || or || PdCaCO3 || with || "poison" || PbO || or || quinoline || (two || benzene || rings || with || one || Nitrogen || on || one || of || them)
- || stereo: || syn || addition what || is || dissolving || metal || reduction? || - || Correct || answer || ✔- || addition || of || H/H || and || breaking || down || of || a || triple || into || a || double || bond || (E)
- || reagents: || Na || or || Li || metal || in || NH3 || (liquid)
- || stereo: || anti || addition How || do || you || turn || Oxygen || into || a || leaving || group? || - || Correct || answer || ✔1. || sulfunate || esters || (S || single || bonded || to || O || and || double || bonded || to || two || Os, || single || bonded || to || carbon || group) || and || pyridine || (benzene || with || N)
- || protonate || the || oxygen || (for || SN2 || rxns: || 1st || and || 2nd || degree, || ROH || => || RX, || for || SN1/E1 || form || cation) || (when || you || see || cold, || dilute || HCl)
- || E1 || dehydration || => || low || molecular || weight || alcohols || (when || you || see || H3PO4)
