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CHEM 210 Module 8 Exam Newest
1. What is the "unifying" theory covered in this module?: Chemiosmotic theory
2. How many ATP are produced per NADH molecule? Per FADH2 molecule?: -
NADH produced 2.5 ATP, while produces FADH21.5 ATP.
3. What happens to the carbon skeleton of an amino acid after it is separated from NH4+?: The carbon
skeleton becomes acetyl-CoA, then ATP.
4. Why is urea such a good molecule for excreting nitrogen from cells?: It has a high density of nitrogen
in a small molecule, and it can form numerous hydrogen bonds with water.
5. What is an integral protein?: A protein firmly embedded in the lipid bilayer
6. How many complexes are in the ETC?: Four complexes named complex I, II, III, and IV
7. At which ETC complex is H2O produced? How is it produced?: At complex IV by the following
reaction: O2 + 4e- + 4H+ ’ 2H2O
8. What complex oxidizes NADH? How about FADH2?: Complex I for NADH. Complex II for FADH2.
9. At which complex is water produced from oxygen?: Complex IV
10. How is the H+ gradient formed?: Complexes I, III, and IV pump these ions from the matrix to the
intermembrane space.
11. What is the purpose of FO and F1 in ATP synthase?: FO contains the pore through which H+ ions
flow causing its rotation. The rotation of FO causes F1 to catalyze the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi.
12. deamination: which is the removal of the amine functional group
13. four-step cyclic process that converts NH4+ to urea, which is then excreted from the body: urea
cycle
14. the innermost space of mitochondrion where the citric acid cycle occurs along with portions of
fatty acid oxidation and the urea cycle: matrix
15. rotates to generate ATP molecules.: ATP synthase molecule
21. 3 primary phases of oxidative phosphorylation: phase I -NADH and FADH2 transfer e- and protons
to the complexes phase II- as electrons move through protons being pumped from matrix into mito- chondrial space phase III- as prtons being pumped through IM they flow back into matrix to drive ATP synthase
22. complex I: NADH Dehydrogenase
23. complex II: succinate dehydrogenase
24. where does ETC occur: matrix
25. when are NADH and FADH2 ready to ender ETC: when produced by citric acid cycle
26. first phase of oxidative phosphorylation: transfer of e- from NADH and FADH2 to the ETC
27. complex I oxidizes: NADH to form NAD+
28. CoQH2 shuttles _ and _ to _: e- and hydrogens to complex III
29. what happens in complex III: accepts electrons from CoQH2 produced from complex I and II and
then shuttles the to cytochrome c
30. four moleucles of cytochrome c devilver _ to the : one electron to the
complex IV which is known as cytochrome oxidase
31. complex IV known as: cytochrome oxidase
32. donates electrons to the ETC: NADH and FADH
33. where can urea be used to help: fold proteins because form so many hydrogen bonds
34. urea cycle disorders caused by: build up of NH4+ which is toxic due to mutation in enzyme in
urea cycle -citrulilineamia -arinonosuccinic aciduria -arginaermia
35. where does urea cycle occur: occurs in liver and kidneys
36. what happens if nitrogen builds up in cells: it is very toxic and can lead to coma or death
37. carbon portion of amino acids referred to as: carbon skeleton
38. oxidative deamination: removes nitrogen in form of ammonium
39. four step cyclic process that converts NH4+ to urea which is then excreted from the body:
40. NH4+ is produced by: oxidative deamination
41. what enters the urea cycle in step 1: carbamoyl phosphate
55. Which component of the urea cycle is also a member of the CAC?: fumarate
56. Deamination of an amino acid results in a carbon skeleton and in the production of.: NH4+
57. FADH2 donates electrons and H+ to complex .: II
58. Which of the ETC complexes do pump H+ ions?: I,III,IV
59. What protein shuttles electrons from Complex III to Complex IV?: Cy- tochrome C
60. What molecule accepts electrons and H+ ions from complexes I and II and transfers them to
complex III?: CoQ
61. In what portion of the mitochondrion is the ETC located?: Inner membrane
62. At which complex does the following reaction take place?
NADH + H+ + CoQ ’ NAD+ + CoQH2: Complex I
63. During the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from
in the mitochondria.: From the matrix to the intermembrane space
64. Energy released is utilized for the synthesis of ATP.: -
As protons flow through ATP synthase and back into the mitochondrial matrix
65. The H+ ions flow through what part of the ATP synthase?
A. FO
B. F
C. F
D. Stator
E. Both A and C: A
66. An individual with the MERRF disease, tend to have symptoms of
.: muscle twitches
67. ATP synthase is located in the of mitochondria.: inner mem- brane
68. causes ATP to be produced.: rotation of ATP synthase
69. According to the chemiosmotic theory, how is the ETC connected to ATP production?
Explain in at least four complete sentences.: The chemical reactions of the ETC provide energy to pump H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermem- brane space. The reactions also provide electrons and H+ to convert oxygen into water. The net result is that the H+ gradients permit a flow H+ to rotation ATP synthase, producing ATP.
70. Describe the critical structure of the mitochondrion that are important for the production of ATP.
