Chemical
Chemical Chemical
Chemical
Equilibrium
EquilibriumEquilibrium
Equilibrium
Chapter 15
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Chemical Equilibrium - Lecture Notes | CHEM 1200, Study notes of Chemistry
Material Type: Notes; Professor: Thomas; Class: General Chemistry II; Subject: Chemistry; University: Auburn University-Montgomery; Term: Unknown 1989;
Typology: Study notes
Pre 2010
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ChemicalChemicalChemicalChemical
EquilibriumEquilibriumEquilibriumEquilibrium
C
hapter 15
Chemical Chemical
Chemical Chemical Equilibrium
EquilibriumEquilibriumEquilibrium
Chemical reactions normallygo from reactants to products
A
B
º
AB
When they do not go tocompletion
equilibrium
Chemical Chemical
Chemical Chemical Equilibrium
EquilibriumEquilibriumEquilibrium
A system where rates of forwardand reverse reactions are the sameAt equilbrium, no observablechanges occurSystem remains in equilbrium ifundisturbedSystem must be closed
Chemical Chemical
Chemical Chemical Equilibrium
EquilibriumEquilibriumEquilibrium
H
2
O (l)
ºººº
H
2
O (s)
Physical equilibrium
N
2
- 3 H
2
ºººº
2 NH
3
Chemical equilibrium
Equilibrium Equilibrium
Equilibrium Equilibrium reactions
reactionsreactionsreactions
equilibrium arrow
N
2
- 3 H
2
ºººº
2 NH
3
TheTheTheThe haber
haberhaberhaber process
process
process process
Friz Haber
(1868-1935)
N
2
+ 3 H
2
2 NH
3
K
C
D
A
B
c
c
d
a
b
[
] [
]
[
] [
]
Equilibrium Equilibrium
Equilibrium Equilibrium expression
expressionexpressionexpression
In general:
aA
+ bB
cC + dD
Need balanced equation
K
C
D
A
B
c
eq
c
eq
d
eq
a
eq
b
[
]
[
]
[
]
[
]
Equilibrium Equilibrium
Equilibrium Equilibrium constant
constantconstantconstant
aA
+ bB
cC + dD
K
c
used for molarities.
Solutions
Closed vrs. Open system
No
EquilibriumEquilibriumEquilibriumEquilibrium constant
constantconstantconstant
Units for K varyK varies with temperature
K independent of initialconcentrations
k
k
K
f
r
c
=
EquilibriumEquilibriumEquilibriumEquilibrium constant
constantconstantconstant
Relationship between Rates and K
At equilibrium
rate
f
= rate
r
Q
C
D
A
B
c
d
a
b
[
] [
]
[
] [
]
ReactionReactionReactionReaction quotient
quotientquotientquotient
Same equation as K
c
aA
+ bB
cC + dD
Q can be measured at anypoint in the reaction
CCCCalculations
alculationsalculationsalculations
Predicting reaction direction Q
K
reactants
WWWW
products until
equilibrium reached
CCCCalculations
alculationsalculationsalculations