Chemistry Paper 1 | AQA Combined Science | 2025 | Key Concepts and Exam Definitions, Exams of Chemistry

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Chemistry Paper ONE.AQA

Combined Science.

What are all substances made out of? - CORRECT ANSWER Atoms" "One type of atoms joined together - CORRECT ANSWER Elements" "Two or more elements chemically bonded - CORRECT ANSWER Compounds" "Two or more elements not chemically bonded - CORRECT ANSWER Mixtures" "Why do scientists use chemical formulae? - CORRECT ANSWER To find out how many compounds are in each element" "How are compounds separated? - CORRECT ANSWER Electrolysis" "What are the reactants? - CORRECT ANSWER Substances that are reacted" "What are the products? - CORRECT ANSWER The new substances that are formed" "What is filtration? - CORRECT ANSWER Separate soluble solutions from insoluble solutions" "What is Crystallization? - CORRECT ANSWER Obtaining a soluble from a solution" "What is Simple Distillation? - CORRECT ANSWER Obtaining a solvent from solution" "What is Fractional Distillation? - CORRECT ANSWER Separating mixtures with different boiling points" "What is Chromatography? - CORRECT ANSWER Separating the different soluble, coloured components of a mixture" "What is the 'Plum Pudding Model'? - CORRECT ANSWER JJ Thomson believes electrons were surrounded by a sea of positive charge" "How did Rutherford improve the arrangement of the atom? - CORRECT ANSWER He created a nucleus, containing protons and neutrons" "How did Bohr improve the arrangement of the atom? - CORRECT ANSWER He created the shells which the electrons would orbit around" "What was the relative mass of the proton? - CORRECT ANSWER 1" "What was the relative mass of the neutron? - CORRECT ANSWER 1"

"What does (s) stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Solid" "What does (l) stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Liquid" "What does (g) stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Gas" "What does (aq) stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Aqueous (dissolved in water)" "What are the 3 types of strong bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER Ionic bonds, covelent bonds, metallic bonds" "When are ionic bonds formed? - CORRECT ANSWER When ions lose and gain their electrons to another atom, or vise versa" "What are the properties of ionic compounds? - CORRECT ANSWER High melting and boiling points, do not conduct electricity when solid or molten" "What are covelent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER When atoms share a pair of electrons" "What are metallic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER The attraction between positive ions and the delocalised negatively charged electrons" "What does delocalised mean? - CORRECT ANSWER Not bond to one atom" "What are the properties of metals? - CORRECT ANSWER It is ductile, malluable, good conductivity" "What are alloys? - CORRECT ANSWER Mixtures that contain a metal and at least one other element" "What is the conservation of mass? - CORRECT ANSWER The total mass of the product is equal to the total mass of the reactants" "What are half equations used for? - CORRECT ANSWER To show what happens to one reactant in a chemical reaction, with electrons" "How do you calculate the relative formula mass? - CORRECT ANSWER Add all of the elements' atomic masses together (if there is more than one, multiple to atomic mass of that element by the amount shown)" "How do you work out the number of particles in an substance (mol) - CORRECT ANSWER mass of substance (g) / formula mass (g/mol)" "What is oxidation? - CORRECT ANSWER A substance gaining oxygen or the loss of electrons"

"What is reduction? - CORRECT ANSWER A substance that loses oxygen or the gain of electrons" "What number/ colour is acidic? - CORRECT ANSWER 1 / Red" "What number/ colour is neutral? - CORRECT ANSWER 7 / Green" "What number/ colour is alkaline? - CORRECT ANSWER 14 / Purple" "What is electrolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER The use of electrical currents used to break down compounds containing ions into their constituent elements" "What are the electrodes made out of? - CORRECT ANSWER Usually carbon" "What is the anode? - CORRECT ANSWER The positive electrode" "What is the cathode? - CORRECT ANSWER The negative electrode" "What is an exothermic reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER When heat is given out" "What is an endothermic reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER When heat is taken in" "How do you calculate the energy transfer in a reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER Add up the shown bonds" "What is the equation for the rate of reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER amount of reactant used or product formed / time taken" "How do you calculate the concentration? - CORRECT ANSWER Amount of mol /volume of reaction mixture" "How do you measure the amount of gas formed? - CORRECT ANSWER Use a gas syringe" "What is the activation energy? - CORRECT ANSWER The minimum energy required to cause a reaction" "What are the 4 main factors that increase the rate of reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER Concentration, tempreture, surface area, catalysts" "What is an equilibrium? - CORRECT ANSWER When the products and the reactants are balanced in an equation" "What in the Le Chantelier's Principle? - CORRECT ANSWER If equilibrium changes in conditions, that the system shifts to resist the change"