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The relationship between foot size, age, and shoe size based on a study. It discusses the foot's anatomy, its development in children, and the importance of considering individual variations in foot measurements and shoe sizes.
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Summary of a Small Study Summary of a Small Study
By Mark Gleason, Search and Rescue Tracking Institute, Virginia
“The missing subject is a three
“The missing subject is a three
year old male.
How large of
year old male.
How large of
a track are we looking for?”
a track are we looking for?”
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Can you identify a barefoot size from a Can you identify a barefoot size from a
recently worn shoe? recently worn shoe?
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Can wear patterns on older shoes help Can wear patterns on older shoes help
identify a missing subject wearing another identify a missing subject wearing another
set of shoes? set of shoes?
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Can you use shoes in the child’s closet to Can you use shoes in the child’s closet to
obtain a size range for the currently worn obtain a size range for the currently worn
shoe? shoe?
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The are very few studies that describe the The are very few studies that describe the
relationship between foot length, foot width, relationship between foot length, foot width,
and height as they relate to age.
and height as they relate to age.
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Existing studies have found no consistent Existing studies have found no consistent
association between foot print symmetry, association between foot print symmetry,
age, height and body weight, or shoe size. age, height and body weight, or shoe size.
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I concur with these scientific studies! I concur with these scientific studies!
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It is difficult to answer the question, “The It is difficult to answer the question, “The
missing subject is a three year old male. missing subject is a three year old male.
How large of a track are we looking for?” How large of a track are we looking for?”
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You could stop right here!
Or you could
You could stop right here!
Or you could
read further. read further.
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Perhaps there is something here that you Perhaps there is something here that you
will find helpful, or simply find better will find helpful, or simply find better
questions to ask while in the field. questions to ask while in the field.
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26 small bones/35 joints 26 small bones/35 joints
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Tendons coming from large muscle groups Tendons coming from large muscle groups
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Ligaments and muscles Ligaments and muscles
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Circulatory arteries and veins Circulatory arteries and veins
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Lymph nodes and nerves Lymph nodes and nerves
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This makes for a small area with a lot going This makes for a small area with a lot going
on. on.
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Feet have an endless variety of Feet have an endless variety of
configurations. configurations.
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Variations can occur in overall shape, toe Variations can occur in overall shape, toe
and ball length, width, bone structure, and ball length, width, bone structure,
muscle mass. muscle mass.
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Can change as a result of different: Can change as a result of different:
Activities (ex. Running v. walking) Activities (ex. Running v. walking)
Mediums (sand v. dirt) Mediums (sand v. dirt)
Landscapes (flat v. steep) Landscapes (flat v. steep)
Times of day (ex. Foot tends to be longer Times of day (ex. Foot tends to be longer
in the morning) in the morning)
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As child ages, there are increases in step As child ages, there are increases in step
and stride length, and decreases in and stride length, and decreases in
cadence.(3) cadence.(3)
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The length and width of children’s feet The length and width of children’s feet
increase linearly as child ages (4) increase linearly as child ages (4)
from age 3 to 12 in girls, from age 3 to 12 in girls,
From age 3 to 15 in boys. From age 3 to 15 in boys.
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Poor muscle tone in the foot Poor muscle tone in the foot
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Generous padding of fat. Generous padding of fat.
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Weak ligaments in the Weak ligaments in the
medial arch. medial arch.
Permit the foot to lean inwards Permit the foot to lean inwards
Will begin to strengthen as Will begin to strengthen as
child learns to walk child learns to walk
Normal arch appears by age 5 Normal arch appears by age 5
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Children begin walking by 12 Children begin walking by 12-
-15 months
15 months
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Walking gait erratic Walking gait erratic
Due to posture and leg alignment Due to posture and leg alignment
Speed and rhythm variable Speed and rhythm variable
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Wide base Wide base
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Reciprocal arm swing usually absent Reciprocal arm swing usually absent
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Difficulty running, falls a lot Difficulty running, falls a lot
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Age 4, most can stand, hop on one foot, Age 4, most can stand, hop on one foot,
and arm swing is regular and arm swing is regular
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Age 5: Normal arches usually developed Age 5: Normal arches usually developed
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Age 6:
Develops approximation of their
Age 6:
Develops approximation of their
mature gait.
Stride lengths become equal,
mature gait.
Stride lengths become equal,
and arm swing is balanced.
Each leg
and arm swing is balanced.
Each leg
contacts the ground for same length of contacts the ground for same length of
time, and forward motion is smooth. time, and forward motion is smooth.
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