THEROLEOFCHILDHOODEXPOSURE
TOMICROORGANISMSINPREVENTION
OFIMMUNESYSTEMDISEASESSUCH
ASALLERGIES,ASTHMA,ETC.
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Childhood Exposure to Microorganisms: Preventing Immune Disorders, Slides of Microbiology
An overview of the immune system, the differences between allergies and asthma, immune system disorders, and the hygiene hypothesis. It also discusses a study on the effects of exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma, and the possible mechanisms behind the protective effects of microbial exposures. The document also touches upon the role of regulatory b-1 cells in preventing colitis and th2-mediated allergies.
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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THE
ROLE
OF
CHILDHOOD
EXPOSURE
TO
MICROORGANISMS
IN
PREVENTION
OF
IMMUNE
SYSTEM
DISEASES
SUCH
AS
ALLERGIES,
ASTHMA,
ETC.
Overview
What is the Immune System and its roles? - The Difference between Allergy and Asthma - Immune System Disorders - Factors that Influence Asthma and Allergies - Hygiene Hypothesis - Study: Exposure of Microorganisms in Children - Pathogenesis of Allergies - Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - Linkage of Asthma to B Cells - Conclusion
Immune System
The
cells
involved
are
white
blood
cells
also
known
as
leukocytes.
Leukocytes
are
found
in
thymus,
spleen,
bone
marrow
(lymphoid
organs)
Immune response Immune response involves detecting antigens or foreign substances from entering your body. Different types of cells work together to recognize them and respond. Production of antibodies bind to these antigens and destroy them.
Immunity
Innate
Adaptive
Passive
Everyone’s
immune
system
is
different.
Immune System Disorders
Allergies
an oversensitive immune response to an allergen • Dust, drugs, food, mold, insect venom, pollen
Asthma
a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in response to “triggers”
Exercise, tobacco smoke, viral respiratory infections
Allergies
Immune
System
Disorders
Allergies
an oversensitive immune response to an allergen • Dust, drugs, food, mold, insect venom, pollen
Asthma
a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in response to “triggers”
Exercise, tobacco smoke, viral respiratory infections
Prevalence of Asthma
Canadian
children
aged
years
old
per
cent
to
per
cent
of
children
under
years,
over
a
period
of
years!
Hygiene Hypothesis
Hygiene Hypothesis
phenotypes ‐ (asthma has many different phenotypes) timing of the exposure various environmental exposures a subject’s genetic susceptibility to react to these exposures Hygiene Hypothesis
Methods: Study Design & Populations Epidemiologic study, taking data from school children living in different environmental conditions. PARSIFAL population (Prevention of Allergy
Risk Factors for Sensitization Related to Farming and Anthroposophic Lifestyle)
Cross sectional study
Methods: Study Design & Populations GABRIELA population (Multidisciplinary Study to Identify the Genetic Lifestyle)
Cross sectional study conducted in elementary schools -
strata in the sample defined by different levels of farm exposure