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Class: PHL 104 - World Religions; Subject: Philosophy; University: Sauk Valley Community College; Term: Fall 2011;
Typology: Quizzes
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refers to views of St. Augustine, for example, his view of the separation of church and state, in which the state is answerable to the church in religious matters while the church is answerable to the state in secular matters yet both exist to promote the spread of the Gospel. TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 those churches that define their Christian authenticity through apostolic succession. TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 from Greek translation of the Hebrew word meaning messiah or anointed one, the title Christians apply to Jesus of Nazareth. TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 view of the unity of church and state attributed to the first Christian Roman Emperor, Constantine, in which the state exists to rule over and protect the church as the official religion of the empire. TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 enlightenment view that God created the world the way a watchmaker creates a clock and leaves it to run on its own without interference.
refers to pietistic Christian movements that arose in response to the Enlightenment and also dogmatic divisions within Protestantism; emphasizes the unifying power of conversion as an emotional transformation rather than a rational/dogmatic one. TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 term first emerged to refer to evangelical Protestants who believed that certain fundamental truths of the Gospel were threatened by modern interpreters; in general, fundamentalist movements in all religions see modernity as corrupting the fundamental truths and practices as they were expressed in the pre-modern stage of their respective traditions. TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 literally, "good news"; usually refers to the four Gospels of the New Testament, which retell the words and deeds of Jesus of Nazareth; can also refer to other, similar ancient writings not included in the Christian scriptures. TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 expresses the idea of unmerited divine love and assistance given to humans. TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 comes from the Greek term that means "choice"; came to be used as a negative term for choosing to believe doctrines viewed as erroneous by those who considered themselves to be "more orthodox".
refers to churches that emphasize possession by the Holy Spirit and speaking in tongues. TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 the churches, beginning at the time of Martin Luther, that reject the mediation of the church through apostolic succession as necessary for salvation in favor of a direct personal relationship with God in Christ. TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 term coined by sociologist Max Weber, who noted that the Calvinist branch of the Reformation fostered a belief in working hard and living simply for the glory of God and as proof that one was among those destined to be saved; such an attitude, Weber said, contributed to the accumulation of wealth needed for investments and fueled the Industrial Revolution and the flourishing of capitalist societies. TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 root meaning is "to be rescued or freed", especially from slavery; used in both a literal and a metaphorical sense; God redeemed Israel from slavery in Egypt and exile in Babylonia; God redeems sinners from punishment and death due to sin. TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 ritual actions, such as baptism and Holy Communion, said to impart the grace of God to Christians, usually through the mediation of ordained clergy
belief that Jesus, who died on the cross, arose from the dead, and ascended into heaven, will return at the end of time to raise the dead and establish a new heaven and a new earth. TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 title applied to Jesus of Nazareth. TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 the identification of the gods of one religion with the gods of another so that one's own gods are seen as the same as those of the other's religion but under different names. TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; meant to suggest that the transcendent God can be immanent in the world without losing his transcendence - when God acts in the world (as Son or Spirit), God does not cease to be father and Creator of the universe; therefore God is not many gods but one God in three persons. TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 doctrine affirmed by Council of Chalcedon (451 CE); in the one person of Jesus are two natures (divine and human) said to coexist in unity but without confusion or mixture, so Jesus is fully human in everything except sin, and yet the fullness of God is also present in him and united to him.