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Civil engineering thesis, Thesis of Engineering

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
IN VIDISHA, MADHAYA PRADESH
THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENT
FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
BY
VIJAYA SAXENA
ROLL NO. 180106230005
SESSION 2018 2021
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MR. GOVIND SINGH CHOUHAN
ASST. PROF. (CIVIL ENGG. DEPTT.)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINNERING
MEWAR UNIVERSITY
GANGRAR CHHITORGARH
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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

IN VIDISHA, MADHAYA PRADESH

THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENT

FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

BY

VIJAYA SAXENA

ROLL NO. 180106230005

SESSION 2018 – 2021

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MR. GOVIND SINGH CHOUHAN

ASST. PROF. (CIVIL ENGG. DEPTT.)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINNERING

MEWAR UNIVERSITY

GANGRAR CHHITORGARH

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIDISHA,

MADHYA PRADESH” submitted by Ms. VIJAYA SAXENA, Roll No. 180106230005 in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Technology degree in

Environmental Engineering at the Mewar University, Gangrar Chittorgarh is an authentic work

carried out by her under my supervision and guidance.

To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any

other University/Institute for the award of any Degree.

Date : (Govind Singh Chouhan) Asst. Prof. Dept. of Civil Engineering Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN, VIDISHA, MADHYA PRADESH INDIA.

By VIJAYA SAXENA A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mewar university gangrar, in Partial Fulfilment for M.TECH. (Environmental engineering) Feb. 2021

Abstract:

This thesis considers the solid waste management system in vidisha, Madhya pradesh, India,

in order to develop a framework for sustainable solid waste management in future.

The objectives of this thesis are:

  1. To explain the present waste management system and practices in Vidisha.

  2. To spot factors that influence waste management in Vidisha.

  3. To assess the newly proposed solid waste management system.

  4. To propose recommendations for development of a sustainable solid waste management

system. The objectives were addressed primarily through semi-structured interviews and

discussions with various stakeholders along side non-participatory method tools. The study

analyzed the present solid waste management system and identified the strengths and

therefore the weaknesses of the system. It was observed that the current solid waste

management system practiced in Vidisha is unsustainable. There is no provision for the

segregation of waste. The collection and transportation of waste is insufficient and

inappropriate. Officially, there is no provision for composting or recycling of the waste.

Majority of the waste is dumped in open land fill and other people aren't involved in solid

waste deciding process or the solid waste management system. Further, the study also

analyzed the newly proposed solid waste management system. It was found that the newly

proposed system is better than the existing system; the new proposal outlines a framework

of two stream waste segregation system. The proposed waste collection and transportation is

an improvement on the present system. Composting of biodegradable waste is a

crucial feature of the proposal. For developing a sustainable solid waste management system

for the longer term. Some of these recommendations are:

  1. Involving people for consultation with respect to solid waste management decision

making process.

  1. Promotion of reduction, reuse and recycling.

  2. Promotion of community based composting.

  3. Doorstep collection of segregated waste.

  4. Responsible bureaucracy.

The thesis summarizes that the current solid waste management system is not sustainable.

The proposed system can be improved on following the list of recommendations mentioned

in the thesis. The thesis concludes that people in Vidisha municipal area are willing to

participate and contribute towards the development of a sustainable system. Finally, a set of

recommendations have been provided for laying the foundation towards sustainable solid

waste management system in Vidisha municipal area.

CHAPTER – 4 – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIDISHA

List of Figure and Chart:

  • 3.8 Waste disposal
  • 3.9 Composting
  • 3.10 Incineration
  • 3.11 Reduce, Reuse & Repair
  • 3.12 Recycling
  • 3.13 Prohibition on polybag
  • 3.14 Process affecting waste management in Vidisha
  • 3.15 Regulations
  • 4 .1 Population & launch of waste
  • 4.2 Regional integrated MSW facilities
  • 4.3 Action plan for waste management in the state
  • 4.4 Proposal processing & technological ability
  • 4.5 Biomethanetion
  • 4.6 Institutional mechanism for implementations proposed ISWM project of
  • 4.7 Investment, Requirement & Phasing
  • 4.8 Short term plan & objectives
  • 4.9 Aerated windrow composting
  • 4.10 Features of windrow composting
  • 4.11 Project for processing treatment of solid waste in Vidisha
  • 5.1 Cleaning of waste material Chapter – 5 – POSSIBILITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • 5.2 Waste management leaders
  • 5.3 Developing strategic planning & research
  • 5.4 Strength and effectiveness of application
  • 5.5 Transportation of waste
  • 5.6 Waste management leaders
  • 5.7 Planning & management team
  • 5.8 More beyond the plan
  • 5.9 Initiate better management
  • 5.1 0 Stakeholder participation
  • 5.1 1 Decision making
  • 5.12 Short term action plan
  • 5.13 Create a line entry file
  • 5.14 Set goals immediately
  • 5.15 Promote community mobility
  • 5.16 Support 3 R‟S system
  • 5.17 Ban on polybag
  • 5.18 Imploring solid waste management plan 46 -
  • 6.1 Conclusions Chapter – 6 - SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 6 .1.1 Population and the launch of waste :
  • 6.1.2 Proposal processing technological and ability 50 -
  • 6.2 Results
  • 6.2.1 Costs required for proposal processing / CAPEX
  • 6.2.2 Implementation of the project
    1. 3 Discussion
  • 6.3.1 Current Procedures for waste management
  • 6.3.2 Characteristics affecting waste management
  • 6.3.3 Announce waste management procedures
  • 6.3.4 Increase reduction, reuse and recycling
  • 6.3.5 Compost
  • 6.3.6 Garbage collection
  • 6.3.7 Waste disposal
  • 6.3.8 Improve long-term goals
  • 6.4 References 62 -
  • 1.1 Position of Vidisha in India‟s map S. No. Topic Page No.
  • 1.2 map of study area (Vidisha)
  • 2.1 Waste composition on the basis of income of countries
  • 2.3 Typical composition of municipal waste
  • 4.1 Door to Door collection across the Vidisha
  • 4.2 Door to Door collection across the Vidisha
  • 4.2 Population range by ULBs
  • 4.3 Method of Collection
  • 4.4 Trenching ground for production of power
  • 4.5 Process of Biomethanation

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 - Background

In a developing country, the issues related to solid waste management are more acute. Lack of monetary resources and infrastructure to affect solid waste creates a vicious cycle; lack of resources results in inferiority of service provision which results in fewer people willing to buy said services, which successively further erodes the resource base then on. The problem is further complicated by rapid climb in population and urbanization, which adds greatly to the quantity of waste being generated and to the demand for waste retrieval service in municipal areas. However, more often than not, a rise in population isn't matched with an equal increase in revenue for the local municipalities for waste management). Besides this, rapid urbanization means rapid climb of shanty dwelling units that are largely unplanned for, and increase the waste, health, and hygiene problems. Another significant factor that contributes to the matter of solid wastes during a developing country scenario is that the lack of proper collection and transportation facilities. Improper planning including rapid climb of population and urbanization serves to feature congestion in streets, and as a result the waste collection vehicles cannot reach such places, thus allowing filth to build up over time. Lack of monetary resources, at times, leads to improper or no transportation vehicles for waste disposal adding another dimension to the ever rising cycle of problems In any developing country, the threats posed by improper handling and disposal of solid wastes (though often ignored) contribute to the high level of two mortality and morbidity .Human and ecosystem health is also threatened due to improper handling of solid wastes.

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Fig. 1.2 map of study area (Vidisha)

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1.2 - Study area :

This study was conducted in the Vidisha city in the state of Madhya pradesh, India, located near the state capital Bhopal. The study area lies in India. Vidisha municipality, is located between 23º31‟33.74” N Latitude and 77º48‟39.31”E Longitudes. the elevation of Vidisha is 423.78 meters (1390.34feet) Vidisha town covers an area of 7371 sq. km (2,846 sq mi) & Density is 200/km^2 (519/semi and major soil type is black cotton. The average annual rainfall (mm) is 1135.5. Vidisha has 36 wards. The population of Vidisha is 1458875.

1.3 - Research purpose and Objective:

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the solid waste management system in Vidisha municipal area, Madhya pradesh, India, in order to develop a framework for sustainable solid waste amazement in future. Within this context the objectives of this thesis To describe and explain the present waste management system and practices in Vidisha municipal area, to identify the factors that influence waste management in the Vidisha city to assess the new solid waste management system being proposed by the Vidisha municipality, and to propose recommendations for development of a sustainable solid waste management system.

1.4 - Case Study Approach:

I used Vidisha municipality as a case study. The research objectives were met through the collection of primary data through interviews, workshops, and literature review. Secondary data was used (wherever available) to further enhance the understanding and to verify the quality of information gathered. Methods used for the study involved open-ended interviews with different stake holders, which allowed the study to include a spread of views on the waste problem. Secondary was used for cross checking the findings wherever necessary and available. Current management practice was assessed in consultation with the local people, municipal administration, and district authorities. Data were collected through direct observation by the researcher as well. By doing so, this study has been able to find out the nature and characteristics of waste management system; along with other strengths/constraints of the current waste management system (detailed methods have been discussed in Chapter 3).

1.5 - Limitations:

There are certain limitations to this study, originating from the ground situations including: political in stability, lack of baseline data. Researcher bias: I was born and brought up in Vidisha, and I was thus quite familiar with the situation prevailing within the study area vis-á- vis solid waste management. Therefore, I could understand the context of my objectives easily and I could place myself in the mindset of the people, while remaining a non-participant observer. Further, I am familiar with the language, culture and custom of the place;

1.6 - Population and waste launch:

According to the record dated 2.1.2011, the total population of Vidisha has increased to 1, 55,951. Population between 2001 and 2011 and increase of about 24.30% has been reported in the district. 31,627 Residential home / premises distributed in 36 wards.

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Table 1.1 : Projection of population and launch solid waste

Projection of population and solid waste Launch parameters

Year 2019

Year 2024

Year 2029

Year 2034

Year 2039

Year 2044

Year 2049

Population 188982 212498 238682 267950 300816 338490 380853

Number of Family

GPCD 340 375 415 450 490 550 600

Per daySolid Quantity of waste

Metric tonne

Metric tonne

Metric tonne

Metric tonne

Metric tonne

Metric tonne

Metric tone

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1.7 - Thesis Organization:

This thesis is organized in six chapters. These are introduction; Chapter 2 consists of the literature related to solid waste management in developing countries. Chapter 3 outlines the study methods. In chapter 4 the study area is described in detail as is the current waste management system. Chapter 5 outlines the considerations for the development of solid waste management in Vidisha municipality area and Chapter 6 provides the summary, conclusions and recommendations.

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harmful impacts of human activities on the environment. The goal of achieving sustainable development can thus, be incorporated in solid waste management as follows: to protect environmental health, to promote the quality of the urban environment, to support the efficiency and productivity of the economy, to generate employment and income, and to ensure and promote, health, hygiene and sanitation to people from all walks of life.

2.2 Defining Solid Waste :

Solid waste is broadly comprised of non-hazardous domestic, commercial and industrial refuse including household organic waste, hospital and institutional garbage, street sweepings, and construction wastes ( Zerboc 2003 ).

Classifications of solid waste generators:

  1. Residential: Includes waste generated in household units, such as food and fruit peels, rubbish, ashes etc
  2. Industrial: Has two components hazardous, which is toxic; corrosive; flammable; industrial solid waste, usually including, but not limited to, materials such as rock, brick, glass, dirt, and certain plastics and rubber, etc., that aren't readily decomposable
  3. Commercial: Waste produced by wholesale, retail or service establishments, such as restaurants, stores, markets, theatres, hotels and warehouses.
  4. Institutional: Waste that originates in schools, hospitals, research institutions and public buildings.
  5. Construction and demolition: Waste building material and rubble resulting from construction, remodelling, repair, and demolition operations on houses, commercial buildings, pavements and other structures.
  6. Municipal services: Sludge from a sewage treatment plant which has been digested and dewatered and does not require liquid handling equipment etc.
  7. Treatment plant wastes: principally composed of residual sludge.
  8. Agricultural: Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, rubbish, hazardous wastes. Impact: Improper handling and disposal of solid waste has multi-dimensional impact on human and environmental well being. Improper dumping can lead to pollution of air, soil, and water, contamination of surface and ground water supplies, clogging of drains, creation of stagnant water for insect breeding, floods in the plains and landslides in the hilly areas during rainy seasons. Improper incineration and burning of wastes contributes significantly to urban air pollution; greenhouse gases (GHGs) generated from the landfills and untreated leach ate pose threat to human as well as environmental well being The problems associated with SWM in a developing country framework are multi- dimensional and more acute in comparison to the developed nations.

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2.3 Growth in waste generation :

Several studies have shown that growing urban population results in huge increase in waste generation ( Schübeler 1996, Rapten 1998, Medina 2002, Zerboc 2003, Zurbrugg 2003). specially in case of developing country scenario, the speed of waste generation far exceeds the infrastructural provision. ( Chakrabarti and Sarkhel 2003 ). The insufficiency of services results in the deterioration of the urban environment within the sort of water, air, and land pollution; which not only poses risks to human health but to the environment also ( Medina 2002 ).