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(1) ensure that only educated individuals voted (2) require African Americans to attend school (3) prevent African Americans from voting (4) integrate public facilities 1 In the late 1800s, southern state governments used literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses to (1) African Americans should have increased civil rights (2) vocational training was the best approach to education (3) immigration was responsible for racial segregation (4) Jim Crow laws were needed to help African Americans 2 One idea that both Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois supported is that (1) a television program showing life on a Southern plantation (2) a copy of the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v_. Board of Education_ (3) the autobiography of Frederick Douglass (4) a history of slavery written by a 20th-century historian 3 Which is a primary source of information about the nature of slavery in the United States? (1) Treaty of Ghent (1815) (2) Oregon Treaty of 1846 (3) Compromise of 1850 (4) Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) 4 Base your answer to question on the statement below and on your knowledge of social studies. ... The whole military force of the State is at the service of a Mr. Suttle, a slaveholder from Virginia, to enable him to catch a man whom he calls his property; but not a soldier is offered to save a citizen of Massachusetts from being kidnapped! Is this what all these soldiers, all this training, have been for these seventy-nine years past [since the beginning of the American Revolution]? Have they been trained merely to rob Mexico and carry back fugitive slaves to their masters?... –Henry David Thoreau, Independence Day speech at Framingham, Massachusetts The author of this statement is expressing dissatisfaction with a provision included in the
Base your answers to questions 5 through 7 on this discussion and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A : Some slaves were freed after the Emancipation Proclamation; others were freed by an amendment to the Constitution. We all know that free men may vote, and we do not need further amendments to tell us that. Speaker B : If we pass these amendments, we still do not ensure the rights of the freed people. In states where white people traditionally have run the government, freed people will find it difficult to exercise their rights. Speaker C : As a member of the Republican Party, I want to see these amendments adopted to ensure the voting strength of our party in the South. Speaker D : These amendments must be passed. The passage of these amendments will guarantee equal rights with no further governmental action required. (1) first and second (2) fifth and tenth (3) fourteenth and fifteenth (4) twenty-first and twenty-second 5 The constitutional amendments under discussion are the (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D 6 Which speaker describes most clearly the political situation that actually occurred after Reconstruction? (1) former slaves (2) Western farmers (3) urban factory workers (4) former Confederate soldiers 7 Speaker C assumed that the Republican Party could count on the votes of the (1) the amendments were not intended to solve their problems (2) many African Americans distrusted the Federal Government (3) Southern legislatures enacted Jim Crow laws (4) poor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights 8 After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, why did African Americans continue to experience political and economic oppression? (1) Federal supremacy was strengthened. (2) Constitutional government was proven ineffective. (3) Universal suffrage was generally accepted. (4) Sectional disputes ceased to exist. 9 Which statement about the results of the Civil War is most accurate? (1) all citizens exercised the right to vote (2) poor people were given equal voting rights (3) the voting rights of most former slaves were denied (4) the elderly in the South could vote in Federal elections 10 After the Civil War, the poll tax, literacy test, and grandfather clause were used to ensure that (1) Women gained the right to vote as an acknowledgement of their role in the conflict. (2) Secession was no longer regarded as an option to be exercised by States. (3) Sectionalism disappeared as a force in American economic and political life. (4) The South retained its pre-Civil War economic and social structure. 11 Which situation was an immediate result of the United States Civil War? (1) William Lloyd Garrison’s publication of The Liberator (2) Booker T. Washington’s commitment to African American education (3) Thurgood Marshall’s legal argument in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (4) Martin Luther King, Jr.’s leadership of the Birmingham march 12 Which person’s action was most closely associated with the abolitionist movement?
(1) Equal Protection Under the Law (2) Freedom of Assembly (3) States Rights (4) Protection of Religious Practice 19 Base your answer to question on the graphic organizer below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which title best completes this graphic organizer? (1) granted citizenship to all enslaved persons (2) upheld the principle of popular sovereignty (3) supported the right of a state to secede from the Union (4) protected the property rights of slave owners in the territories 20 Most Southern political leaders praised the Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) because it (1) Compromise of 1850 (2) Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 (3) creation of the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1865 (4) ratification of the 13th amendment in 1865 21 The institution of slavery was formally abolished in the United States by the (1) Robert E. Lee (2) Thaddeus Stevens (3) Jefferson Davis (4) Abraham Lincoln 22 “Since the Southern states never legally left the Union, they should be restored to the Union as soon as possible.” The position expressed in this statement is most closely associated with the beliefs of (1) support civil rights for African Americans (2) create a system of legal segregation (3) give free land to formerly enslaved persons (4) compensate landowners for damage done during the Civil War 23 Jim Crow laws passed in the South during the late 1800s were designed to (1) He allowed Congress to decide controversial issues. (2) He expanded presidential powers. (3) He demonstrated weakness in dealing with domestic issues. (4) He relied on the Supreme Court to settle disputes. 24 "Jackson Replaces Many Government Workers With His Supporters" "Jackson Vetoes Bank Recharter Bill for Political Reasons" "Jackson Refuses to Enforce Worcester v. Georgia Decision" Which conclusion about President Andrew Jackson is most consistent with these headlines? (1) provide an education for formerly enslaved persons (2) protect the voting rights of formerly enslaved persons (3) enforce racial segregation (4) ensure equal protection under the law 25 Starting in the 1870s, Jim Crow laws were enacted in Southern states as a means to (1) integrate freedmen into American society (2) enforce the Emancipation Proclamation (3) expand educational opportunities (4) limit the rights of newly freed African Americans 26 Black Codes were established in the South immediately after the Civil War in an effort to (1) Kansas and Nebraska joined the Union as free states. (2) A constitutional amendment was adopted to end slavery. (3) Missouri entered the Union as a slave state. (4) Several Southern States seceded from the Union. 27 Which situation was the most immediate result of Abraham Lincoln’s election to the presidency in 1860?
(1) Native Americans who were being settled on reservations (2) newly freed slaves in the South (3) defeated Confederate soldiers returning to their homes (4) settlers moving west of the Mississippi River 28 "No State... shall... deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." During Reconstruction, this clause was adopted to protect (1) restoring the social conditions that existed before the war began (2) conducting trials for former Confederate leaders (3) destroying the economic and social power of the Southern planters (4) reuniting the nation as quickly as possible 29 President Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction after the Civil War included (1) drive the carpetbaggers permanently from the South (2) force Southern leaders to agree with Northern views on Reconstruction (3) prevent African Americans in the South from voting (4) stop former slaves from obtaining an education 30 The grandfather clause and the literacy test were similar in that both were designed to (1) punish the South for starting the Civil War (2) force the Southern States to pay reparations to the Federal Government (3) allow the Southern States to reenter the nation as quickly as possible (4) establish the Republican Party as the only political party in the South 31 In their plans for Reconstruction, what did both President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson seek to carry out?
(1) set up schools to educate formerly enslaved persons (2) encourage freedmen to migrate north (3) maintain a cheap labor supply (4) sell their plantations to formerly enslaved person 35 After the Civil War, white Southern landowners used sharecropping to (1) They both were mainly concerned with improving the status of African Americans. (2) They both worked to reduce income taxes. (3) They both contributed directly to the start of a major war. (4) They both sought to improve the conditions of poor or oppressed peoples. (5) They are both more popular in the South 36 What is a similarity between the Radical Republicans and the modern Democratic Party? (1) destroy the economy of the South (2) restore pre-Civil War conditions to the South (3) maintain Republican domination of the National Government (4) develop two equal political parties in the South 37 During the Reconstruction period, an important objective of congressional action was to (1) The Southern states led the nation in manufacturing. (2) Manufacturing production in the Western states exceeded that of the New England states. (3) The Middle states led the nation in all categories related to manufacturing. (4) The New England states depended more on agriculture than on manufacturing. 38 Base your answer to the question on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which conclusion can best be drawn from the information in this chart?
(1) allow northern states the power to ban slavery (2) deny southern states the legal right to own slaves (3) allow settlers in new territories to vote on the issue of slavery (4) overturn previous Supreme Court decisions on slavery 39 In the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas- Nebraska Act of 1854, popular sovereignty was proposed as a way to (1) passing Black Codes (2) ratifying the 15th amendment (3) supporting the goals of the Radical Republicans (4) enacting legislation to strengthen the Freedmen’s Bureau 40 After the Civil War, Southern state legislatures attempted to restrict the rights of formerly enslaved persons by (1) States now had the right to secede from the Union. (2) Congress passed an amendment to provide for the direct election of senators. (3) The power of the central government was strengthened. (4) The judiciary became the dominant branch of the federal government. 41 What was a major result of the Civil War? Base your answers to questions 42 and 43 on the speaker's statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: "Secession from the Union caused this war, and all those who supported it must now be punished." Speaker B: "The nation's wounds will heal most quickly if we forgive the Southerners and welcome them back into the Union." Speaker C : "The freedmen must be given economic assistance and guaranteed the constitutional right to protect themselves." Speaker D: "The war may have ended, but the fight must continue to preserve the system of white supremacy in the South." (1) A and D (2) A and C (3) B and C (4) B and D 42 Which speakers best represent the attitudes of the Radical Republicans who controlled Congress during Reconstruction'? (1) Abraham Lincoln (2) Thaddeus Stevens (3) the carpetbaggers (4) the Ku Klux Klan 43 The position taken by Speaker B is closest to the beliefs expressed by (1) Reconstruction (2) Roaring Twenties (3) Depression and New Deal (4) Vietnam War Era 44 Which historic period was marked by the military occupation of a portion of the United States, attempts to remove the President from office, and major constitutional revisions? (1) declared racial segregation laws unconstitutional (2) gave states the power to tax the Bank of the United States (3) increased the ability of Congress to limit the powers of the president (4) established the supremacy of federal laws over state laws 45 Under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall (1801–1835), the United States Supreme Court issued decisions that
(1) Abuses of power by the president were prevented. (2) The powers of the federal government were expanded. (3) The powers of Congress over the territories were reduced. (4) Freedoms guaranteed in the Bill of Rights were restricted. 55 What is a major result of the Supreme Court decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)? (1) to give land to freedmen (2) to end Jim Crow laws in the South (3) to help the North win the Civil War (4) to provide for new state governments 56 What was a major purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? (1) Indian Removal Act (2) Kansas-Nebraska Act (3) Homestead Act (4) Dawes Act 57 The principle of popular sovereignty was an important part of the (1) addition of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Federal Constitution (2) integration of public facilities such as restaurants and restrooms (3) passage of Jim Crow legislation by some Southern states (4) start of affirmative action programs by the Federal Government 58 In the late 1800's, which action led to an increase in violations of the rights of African Americans? (1) a television program showing life on a Southern plantation (2) a copy of the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v_. Board of Education_ (3) the autobiography of Frederick Douglass (4) a history of slavery written by a 20th-century historian 59 Which is a primary source of information about the nature of slavery in the United States? (1) They both were mainly concerned with improving the status of African Americans. (2) They both worked to reduce income taxes. (3) They both contributed directly to the start of a major war. (4) They both sought to improve the conditions of poor or oppressed peoples. 60 What is a similarity between the Radical Republicans and the modern Democratic Party? (1) establishing military districts in the South (2) extending land ownership to African American men (3) restoring Southern representation in Congress (4) arresting military leaders of the Confederacy 61 What was the primary goal of President Abraham Lincoln’s post-Civil War policy? (1) Wartime emergencies led President Lincoln to expand his presidential powers. (2) President Lincoln was impeached for violating the Constitution. (3) Checks and balances effectively limited President Lincoln's actions. (4) President Lincoln wanted to abolish the Bill of Rights. 62 I. Actions Taken by President Abraham Lincoln During the Civil War A. Increasing the size of the army without congressional authorization B. Arrest and jailed anti-Unionists without giving reason C. Censored some anti-Union newspapers and had some editors and publishers arrested Which statement is most clearly supported by these actions of President Lincoln?
(1) expansionism (2) war with Mexico (3) slavery (4) the suffrage movement 63 "A house divided against itself cannot stand.... I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other... ." — Abraham Lincoln, 1858 What was the primary cause for the "divided house" referred to in this speech? (1) The former Confederate States should be brought back into the Union as quickly as possible. (2) Reconstruction should be used to force political and social reform in the Southern States. (3) The North and South should take equal responsibility for causing the Civil War. (4) The freedmen should be denied equal civil rights. 64 During Reconstruction, what was a belief of the Radical Republicans? (1) conflicts over the use of the Monroe Doctrine (2) debates over the National Bank and tariffs (3) disputes over the Oregon boundary (4) controversy over the Indian Removal Act 65 During the 1830s, the development of a national two-party political system was mainly the result of (1) determining the future of slavery (2) imposing immigration quotas (3) developing big business (4) acquiring an overseas empire 66 During the period 1820–1860, the major concerns in the United States dealt with issues related to (1) limit immigration from Europe (2) reduce the conflict over slavery (3) settle border disputes with Mexico (4) control the migration of settlers to new western territories 67 The Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 were attempts by the federal government to (1) limit the movement of African Americans (2) restrict the voting rights of African Americans (3) improve the social status of African Americans (4) expand educational opportunities for African Americans 68 Literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes were enacted by Southern States to (1) Wartime Propaganda Campaigns (2) Limits on Civil Liberties During Wartime (3) Decreased Rights of Minorities (4) Events During the Civil War 69 Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. __________________________________ A. Suspension of habeas corpus B. Signing of Emancipation Proclamation C. Election of President Lincoln to second term (1) They both were mainly concerned with improving the status of African Americans. (2) They both worked to reduce income taxes. (3) They both contributed directly to the start of a major war. (4) They both sought to improve the conditions of poor or oppressed peoples. 70 Which of these is a similarity between the pre-Civil War abolitionist movement and the Progressive movement?
Base your answers to questions 77 and 78 on the cartoon below. (1) Southern society was oppressed by Radical Republican policies. (2) Military force was necessary to stop Southern secession. (3) United States soldiers forced women in the South to work in factories. (4) Sharecropping was an economic burden for women after the Civil War. 77 What is the main idea of this cartoon from the Reconstruction Era? (1) passage of the Homestead Act (2) strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Laws (3) military occupation of the former Confederate States (4) ending the Freedmen’s Bureau 78 Which congressional action led to the Southern viewpoint expressed in this cartoon? (1) Supreme Court has often declared presidential actions unconstitutional (2) federal supremacy clause of the Constitution is rarely enforced (3) states have been successful in defying federal law (4) president may use troops to enforce federal decisions 79 President George Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion (1794) and President Dwight Eisenhower's response to events at Little Rock High School (1957) show that the (1) the Credit Mobilier scandal (2) a power struggle with Congress over Reconstruction and the Tenure in Office Act (3) his refusal to appoint new justices to the Supreme Court (4) his policies toward Native American Indians 80 What was the underlying reason for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson? (1) the process of amending the Constitution became slower and more complex (2) the guarantees in the Bill of Rights were applied to state actions (3) every citizen gained an absolute right to freedom of speech and assembly (4) the power of the Federal Government was sharply reduced 81 The 14th amendment provides that no "state [shall] deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." A direct result of this amendment was that (1) Missouri Compromise (2) Kansas-Nebraska Act (3) Dred Scott decision (4) 13th amendment to the Constitution 82 Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” This statement is part of the
(1) enforce constitutional amendments added after the Civil War (2) limit voter participation by African Americans (3) promote equal educational opportunities for minority persons (4) provide job training for freedmen 83 Literacy tests and poll taxes were often used to (1) woman's suffrage in state elections (2) the activities of the Ku Klux Klan (3) racial segregation in public facilities (4) restrictions on voting rights of African Americans 84 The "seperate but equal" doctrine established by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the legality of (1) encouraging the establishment of large plantations (2) promoting the growth of trade and manufacturing (3) increasing the regions reliance on slave labor (4) supporting rice and indigo farming 85 During the first half of the 1800s, geographic factors influenced the economy of New England by (1) Protective tariffs applied only to northern seaports. (2) Geographic conditions supported different types of economic activity. (3) Slavery in the North promoted rapid economic growth. (4) Manufacturers failed to make a profit in the South. 86 Prior to 1850, what was a main reason the North developed an economy increasingly based on manufacturing while the South continued to rely on an economy based on agriculture? (1) The system of slavery was weakened. (2) The federal government was strengthened. (3) The rights of workers were supported. (4) Antitrust laws were upheld. 87 What was the result of many of the Supreme Court decisions made under Chief Justice John Marshall between 1801 and 1835? (1) Slavery was immoral and should be abolished immediately. (2) Sectional differences threatened to destroy the Union. (3) The Southern states should be allowed to secede if slave policy is uniform. (4) To save the nation, the North should compromise with the South on slavery. 88 "A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free." Abraham Lincoln, 1858 According to this quotation, what did Abraham Lincoln believe? (1) he called for the imprisonment of most Confederate leaders (2) he rejected the idea of harsh punishments for the South (3) he planned to keep Northern troops in the South after the war (4) he demanded immediate civil and political rights for formerly enslaved persons 89 Why did the Radical Republicans in Congress oppose President Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction? (1) The judiciary became the dominant branch of the federal government. (2) Congress passed an amendment to provide for the direct election of senators. (3) The power of the central government was strengthened. (4) States were given the right to secede from the Union. 90 What was a major result of the Civil War? (1) removed property-holding qualifications for voting (2) limited the role of the electoral college in presidential elections (3) allowed larger numbers of citizens to hold office (4) used nominating conventions to pick political party candidates 91 President Andrew Jackson claimed that use of the spoils system increased democracy in the federal government because it
(1) outlawing the triangular trade (2) banning states from issuing money (3) upholding the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce (4) limiting the growth of corporations 95 In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court strengthened the federal government's role in the national economy by (1) New England (2) the Middle Atlantic states (3) the South (4) the West 96 In which section of early 19th-century America was the plantation system an important feature? (1) Presidential powers were expanded. (2) Congress exerted greater leadership. (3) The Supreme Court expanded civil liberties. (4) Power shifted from the federal government to the states. 97 How did the power of government change during the Civil War and the Great Depression? (1) Most African Americans held factory jobs in urban areas. (2) Most African Americans were able to take advantage of educational opportunities at colleges. (3) Despite the passage of several constitutional amendments, African Americans found that gaining equal rights was very difficult. (4) Political rights for African Americans were guaranteed in the South, but restrictions and discrimination increased in the North. 98 Which statement best describes the status of African Americans immediately after the end of Reconstruction in 1877? (1) they exposed corrupt government practices (2) they led to Federal legislation to protect the environment (3) they led to the adoption of constitutional amendments (4) they influenced socioeconomic changes 99 What was the most significant accomplishment that Uncle Tom's Cabin, The Jungle, and The Feminine Mystique had on the american people? (1) free land for former slaves (2) separate public facilities based on race (3) racial integration of public schools (4) voting rights for African-American males 100 The Jim Crow laws, upheld by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), provided for (1) repealed the Northwest Ordinance (2) placed an unfair tax on whiskey made by western farmers (3) violated the Constitution (4) established limits on universal suffrage 101 The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798) held that states could nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts because these laws (1) welfare reform and income tax rates (2) immigration policies and westward expansion (3) loyalty to Great Britain and taxation without representation (4) States rights and the status of slavery in the West 102 At the time of the Civil War, which two major issues divided the North and South? (1) a television program showing life on a Southern plantation (2) a copy of the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v
. Board of Education (3) the autobiography of Frederick Douglass (4) a history of slavery written by a 20th-century historian 103 Which is a primary source of information about the nature of slavery in the United States?
(1) suspending habeas corpus and denying women the right to vote (2) collecting poll taxes and requiring literacy tests (3) establishing religious and property-holding requirements for voting (4) passing Black Codes and establishing segregated schools 104 "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude... ." — 15th Amendment, Section 1, United States Constitution, 1870 Which actions did Southern States take to keep African Americans from exercising the rights guaranteed in this amendment? (1) The abolitionist movement was based in the North. (2) The textile industry was controlled by southern merchants. (3) Opposition to slavery by the Anglican Church was stronger in the North. (4) Geographic factors contributed to the growth of the southern plantation system. 105 What was the primary reason that slavery became more widespread in the South than in the North? (1) most of the new arrivals chose to settle on the Great Plains (2) freedmen had been given most of the available farmland in the South (3) jobs were more plentiful for immigrants on the West Coast (4) more factories that employed unskilled laborers were located in the North 106 Following the Civil War, fewer immigrants settled in the South because (1) nativism (2) discrimination (3) interrogation (4) slavery 107 Base your answer to this question on the excerpt below and on your knowledge of social studies. OLD JIM CROW
... It's wrong to hold malice, we know, But there's one thing that's true, from all points of view, All Negroes hate old man Jim Crow. ...We meet him wherever we go: In all places, where live both races, You'll always see Mr. Jim Crow.
- The Nashville Eye (c. 1900) (adapted) The author of the poem was describing (1) imperialism (2) sectionalism (3) national unity (4) industrialization 108 During the period from 1800 to 1865, the issues of States rights, the tariff, and slavery led most directly to the growth of (1) extension of slavery into the western territories (2) equitable distribution of frontier lands to the owners of small farms (3) placement of protective tariffs on foreign imports (4) need for internal improvements in transportation 109 Which problem did the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act attempt to solve? (1) need for schools and colleges (2) failure to conserve natural resources (3) expansion of slavery (4) construction of transcontinental railroads 110 As the United States acquired more land between 1803 and 1850, what was the main controversy over these territories?
(1) unified popular support for the war effort (2) superior military leadership (3) economic aid from Great Britain and France (4) more human resources and war material 119 What was the most important advantage the North had during the Civil War? (1) Federal government regulations favored Southern exports. (2) New inventions led to an increase in cotton production. (3) Most early textile mills were built in the South. (4) The federal government encouraged the importation of enslaved persons. 120 What was a major reason that slavery expanded in the South in the first half of the 1800s? (1) George Washington issuing his Proclamation of Neutrality (2) Alexander Hamilton introducing his financial plan (3) John Adams signing the Alien and Sedition Acts into law (4) Thomas Jefferson supporting the Lewis and Clark expedition 121 The controversy over the establishment of the Bank of the United States and the imposition of a federal excise tax was most closely associated with (1) favored a stronger national government (2) led efforts to advance civil rights (3) opposed the Jim Crow legal system (4) disliked the Reconstruction programs of the Republicans 122 During the late 1800s, Southern voters solidly supported the Democratic Party primarily because Democrats (1) New England (2) the Middle Atlantic states (3) the South (4) the West 123 In which section of early 19th-century America was the plantation system an important feature?
(1) create economic and social equality in the South (2) pay for the physical rebuilding of the South (3) move Native American Indians to reservations (4) govern the former Confederate states 124 Base your answer to question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. The military districts shown on the map were created during Reconstruction to (1) abundance of water power (2) availability of slave labor in the North (3) development of gold mines (4) access to passes through the Appalachian Mountains 125 In the early 1800s, which factor was most important in the development of Northern manufacturing centers? (1) “Jim Crow Laws End” (2) “Former Slaves Made Citizens” (3) “Supreme Court Issues Dred Scott Decision” (4) “Emancipation Proclamation Issued” 126 Which newspaper headline would have appeared during the Reconstruction Period after the Civil War? (1) Slavery was banned west of the Mississippi River. (2) Unorganized territories would be governed by the United States and Great Britain. (3) The balance between free and slave states was maintained. (4) The 36°30 line formed a new boundary between the United States and Canada. 127 Which statement about the Missouri Compromise (1820) is most accurate?
