Classical conditioning theory, Slides of Pediatrics

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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY

PEDODONTICS AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY

KAVITHA.R

4 TH^ YEAR

CONTENTS ▪ Introduction ▪ Experiment ▪ Example ▪ Principles ▪ Components of classical conditioning theory ▪ Dental application ▪ Merits and demerits ▪ Reference

PRINCIPLES Acquisition Generalization Extinction Discrimination Learning a new response from the environment by conditioning It is the act or process of responding to a stimulus similar to but distinct from the conditioned stimulus Removal of conditioned behaviour results if the association between the conditioned and the unconditioned response is not reinforced. It is the opposite of generalization i.e. Differentiating from each stimulus

EXAMPLES

Acquisition

Salivation in

response to bell

sound

Generalization

Salivation in

response to

similar sound of

bell

Extinction

Any change in the

sound of the bell

may lead to delay

in response

Discrimination

Differentiating

from the sound of

bell and music

Conditioned response o A conditioned response is a behaviour arising from a learned response towards a previously neutral stimuli  Eg- Salivation in response to bell ✓ Reflex that you have learnt Conditioned stimulus o It is a even that produces an involuntary response that after repeated being paired with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicit that behaviour  Eg - Bell sound ✓ Created by learning and no response is obtained

DENTAL APPLICATION:  A young child is exposed to an initial stimulus like sound of the handpiece which produces anxiety. This is an unconditioned reflex. When the sound of the handpiece was coupled with dentist who was the neutral stimulus, it again produced an unconditioned reflex of anxiety. - Later when dentist was presented alone, it also produced a conditioned response of anxiety

 When child experiences pain, reflex reaction is crying and withdrawal.  In Pavlovian terms, the infliction of pain is unconditioned stimulus.  For instance, it is unusual for a child to encounter people who are dressed entirely in white uniforms or long white coats.

 If the unconditioned stimulus of painful treatment comes to be associated with the conditioned stimulus of white coats, a child may cry and withdraw immediately at the first sight of a white coated adult.  Later, the mere sight of the white coat is enough to produce the reflex behavior initially associated with pain.  If individual in white coats are the ones who give painful injections that cause crying, the sight of an individual in white coat soon may provoke an outburst of crying

MERITS & DEMERITS OF CLASIICAL CONDITIONED THEORY MERITS DEMERITS A strength of classical theory is that it is scientific Classical conditioning emphasizes the importance of learning from the environment and support nurture over nature based on empirical evidence carried out by controlled experiments Final criticism of classical conditioning theory that it is deterministic Conditioning is also a reductionist explanation of behaviour Does not allow any free will in the individual Complex behaviour is broken down into smaller stimulus