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Three basic components of soil (T/F) For bulk materials, volumetric mesure varies with material's position in the construction process
(T/F) The same weight of a material will occupy differ- ent volumes as the materi- al is handled on the project
Swell
Which soil volume is used to determine the vol- ume capacity of excavat- ing/hauling equipment?
Soil density is a measure of? per unit of volume. What is soil's bank condi- tion?
(T/F) 1 bank cubic yard is 1 cubic yard of material after
solids, water and air
T
T
Reduction in density due to loosening the soil by dig- ging
Loose Volume
Weight
Typical amount of soil in its natural state
What are construction costs based on?
Rolling Resistance
What does rolling resis- tance result from?
(T/F) rolling resistance ap- plied to both crawler-type and wheel-type mobile equipment
(T/F) When a vehicle moves down a grade the force of gravity that assists the vehicle is also called grade assistance
(total quantity of the work to be done)*(the unit price of the work) resistance of a level sur- face to constant-velocity motion across it friction of the driving mech- anism, tire flexing and the force needed to push through or ride over the supporting surface
T
T
it has been disturbed by a loading process
F
Loose Soil
Compact Soil
when excavated, a soil increases in due to loosened soil grains and void spaces filled with air
when a soil is , some of the air is forced out of the soil's void spaces
Total Resistance=
has been excavated or loaded, used to determine the volume capacity of the excavating and hauling equipment after comparison, used to determine the volume of any structure such as a damn or a fill
volume
compacted
grading resistance +rolling resistance
Moister content calcula- tion
(wet weight - dry weight) / dry weight Speed affects cycle time Cycle time drives production Production determines cost
Grade Resistance Factor= (20 lb/tn) * (%grade)
the ratio between the max- imum amount of pull a ma- Coefficient of traction
Usable Force
Typical soil Volume ChangeDuring Earthmov- ing?
the primary factors thatde- termine the power avail- able at the drive wheels
chine exerts before slip- page and the totalweight on the drivers (coefficient of traction) * (weight on powered run- ning gear) Bank 1. Loose 1. Compacted 0.
Engine horsepower and operating gear
Water Deficiency= (final %-initial %)(dry)(27)
Truckload Haul Example= [Vb*(1+%swell)]/truck load capacity
