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CMN 3V Midterm 1 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
The Process of Communication is: ✔✔Unavoidable, a process, strategic, and irreversible
What are the elements of the interactional communication model? ✔✔Involves a sender (encoder) and a receiver (decoder) as well as the message and feedback
Communication Apprehension ✔✔Fear/anxiety due to real or imagined communication with someone else.
What are the solutions to communication apprehension? ✔✔Systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, and skills training.
What is professional communication? ✔✔Appropriate to the situation, clear and concise, and ethical.
What is the transactional(competent) model of communication? ✔✔Expands on the interactional model, which includes social context, relational context, and cultural context.
What are characteristics effective communication? ✔✔Being strategic, being professional, and being adaptable.
How does language reflect, build, and determine context? ✔✔Language is the system of symbols (words) used to think about and communicate. There are three rules that govern and control how we use words, Syntactic rule, semantic rule, and contextual rule.
Syntactic Rule ✔✔Governs the words in a sentence.
Semantic rule ✔✔Governs the meaning of words and how to interpret them, the study of meaning in language.
Contextual rules ✔✔Govern meaning and word choice according to context and social customs.
Denotative meaning ✔✔the common meaning often found in the dictionary.
Connotative meaning ✔✔Often not found in the dictionary but in the community of users itself.
What is inflammatory language? ✔✔Speaking and selecting words in a manner intended to cause an emotional response and incite action.
What are examples of inflammatory language? ✔✔hate speech(racism), Bias(slut vs player), and labeling (assuming someone isn't capable of knowledge based on background.)
Situational Context ✔✔different situations call for different speech repertoires
Relational Context ✔✔Labels like mom/dad
Nonverbal communication ✔✔Often ambiguous because messages can have multiple meanings.
What are the elements of nonverbal communication? ✔✔Affect displays, complementing, contradicting, emblems, illustrators, masking, object adaptors, regulators, repeating, replacing, and self adaptors.
Affect Displays ✔✔Express emotions or feelings (frowning)
Complementing ✔✔Reinforcing verbal communication
Contradicting ✔✔Contradicting verbal communication
Emblems ✔✔Nonverbal gestures that carry a specific meaning, and can replace or reinforce words( OK sign with hands)
Illustrators ✔✔Reinforce a verbal message (head nod)
Masking ✔✔Substituting more appropriate displays for less appropriate displays
Object Adaptors ✔✔using an object for a purpose other than its intended design
regulators ✔✔Control, encourage or discourage interaction (raising your hand)
Repeating ✔✔repeating verbal communication
Replacing ✔✔replacing verbal communication
Paralanguage ✔✔Involves verbal and nonverbal aspects of speech that influence meaning (tone, intensity, pausing, and silence)
What are symbols of nonverbal communication? ✔✔Gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice, timing, posture, and where you stand as you communicate.
Expectancy Violation Theory ✔✔Deals with how people respond when nonverbal expectations they are waiting for are not met(EX elevator scenario)
How does miscommunication impact communication effectiveness? ✔✔Damaged relationships, loss of productivity, inefficiency/rework, conflict, missed opportunities, schedule slippage(delays), scope creep(gradual change in complexity), wasted resources, unclear/unmet requirements, etc...
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis ✔✔The structure of a language influences the modes of thought and behavior characteristics of the culture. (EX. English has gender-neutral words vs Spanish having fem/masc words)
What is the abstract ladder? ✔✔Shows how language can transition between abstract and concrete based on the context and details given.
How is the abstract ladder constructed? ✔✔Lower- insure clarity
Higher-Abstract language
Evasion, equivocation, euphemisms
Use strategic ambiguity:
To promote harmony, to soften difficult messages, and to make a point indirectly.
Abstract Language can also help determine affiliation within groups:
(Slang, group Identification: in time and place)
(jargon- technical language: specific to academics, not known to people outside group/profession)
What are the barriers to listening effectively? ✔✔1. failing to limit distractions
External and internal distractions/noise
- Failing to attend to the message:
use of jargon, message overload, receiver apprehension, bias.
listening positions ✔✔You can move your listening position to what's appropriate to what you're listening to:
Active vs passive
Reductive vs expansive
Critical vs empathetic
What percentage of information do we remember that we hear? ✔✔25-50%
Hearing ✔✔The physiological function of receiving sound
Listening ✔✔Function of receiving verbal and nonverbal messages.
What are the seven deadly sins of listening? ✔✔Gossip, judging, negativity, complaining, excuses, exaggeration, and dogmatism (Confusion of facts with opinion)
What is HAIL? ✔✔HAIL is to greet or acclaim enthusiastically, with honesty, authenticity, integrity, and love.
What are the stages of the listening process? ✔✔Receiving, Interpreting, Recalling, Evaluating, and Responding.
Receiving ✔✔Take in the information needed for listening through auditory and visual channels.
Interpreting ✔✔Combining visual and auditory info we receive and try to make meaning out of that info.
Recalling ✔✔Used to assess listening abilities and effectiveness, involves short-term, long-term, and working memory.
Evaluating ✔✔Make judgments about something' credibility, completeness, and worth.
Responding ✔✔Sending verbal and nonverbal messages that include attentiveness and understanding or lack thereof.
Paraphrasing ✔✔rephrasing information back at the speaker
Cognitive and personal barriers:
Cognitive limits, lack of prep. Differences between speech/thought rate, response preparation.
Bad listening practices:
Interrupting, disoriented listening, eavesdropping, aggressive listening, narcissistic listening, pseudo-listening.
Tips on Delivering Bad News ✔✔Prepare yourself emotionally, calmly and clearly deliver bad news, consider setting and time, ensure to be genuine and empathetic, try to focus on the positive.
Describe the best ways to respond to bad news ✔✔Learn from it and view as feedback, excuse yourself if necessary, take time to respond, formulate a plan.
What are listenable messages? ✔✔Oral messages that are tailored in a way to be comprehended much easier by the listener.
What are the elements of constructive feedback/criticism? ✔✔When giving feedback to others:
Be specific, be descriptive, be positive, be constructive, be realistic, be relevant
When giving feedback to yourself:
Identify strengths and weaknesses, evaluate yourself within the context of the task or assignment guidelines, set goals for next time, revisit goals and asses progress at regular intervals.
Upward communication: ✔✔Subordinate to boss
Horizontal communication: ✔✔Subordinate to Subordinate
Downward Communication ✔✔Boss to subordinate
Eight tips to effective meetings ✔✔1. Figure out if meeting is necessary
- Ensure only key people are invited
- Set expectations with attendees
- meeting starts when invites are sent
- Prewire meeting with sensitive topics
- Actively manage meetings
- Agree on the next steps
- "Bring donuts"
