Download Optometry and Ophthalmology Quiz Answers and more Exams Ophthalmology in PDF only on Docsity!
COA JCAHPO TEST
Disorders associated with headaches? - correct answer Hypertension or Brain Tumor Headaches caused by refractive error will not appear during? - correct answer 1. Not appear at night
- Will not appear during sleep
- Will not appear when you wake up Where is the aqueous humor located? - correct answer Between the lens and the cornea. How many rods are there? - correct answer 125 million Where are the rods located? - correct answer In the retina How many cones are there? - correct answer 6 million Where are the cones located? - correct answer In the retina. Rods are best in what lighting condition? - correct answer dim light Without rods what condition will occur? - correct answer night-blindness Rods are good in what color light? - correct answer Red What type of drops are used to dilate the eyes? - correct answer Mydriatic drops
What type of drops are used to dilate the eyes and paralyze the fine focusing muscle for near vision? - correct answer Cycloplegic drops Measuring PD starts from where and ends where? - correct answer Nasal side of right pupil to the temporal side of the pupil on the patients left eye. What is Rhodopsin? - correct answer Rod pigment. (allows for visual purple) Rhodopsin forms in ______ and is destroyed by _____? - correct answer forms in dark, and is destroyed by light Rhodopsin is composed of what Vitamin? - correct answer Vitamin A (deficiency causes night blindness) What is Adie's Syndrome? - correct answer Tonic Pupil. (pupil responds to light stimulation very slowly) How do you measure a patient's PD when they can only see from one eye? - correct answer measure from center of the pupil of the good eye to the center of the bridge of the nose How do you measure a patient's PD when they have unequal pupils? - correct answer measure from nasal side of the limbus of patients right eye to the temporal side of the limbus of the left eye. How do you measure a patient's PD when they have a squint? - correct answer Measure from the inner canthus of one eye to the outer canthus of the opposite eye. What are the most important disorders to ask patients about? - correct answer Diabetes High Blood Pressure (HTN)
Macular Edema What is the cause of Halos around lights? - correct answer Angle Closure Glaucoma Cataracts What is the cause of spots before the eye? - correct answer Retinal Tear Vitreous Detachment What are the most important items to ask patients during work up? - correct answer 1. Present and Past Health History
- Medication (current and exact name/ purpose)
- Allergies (drug, inhalants, contactants, food, injections, ingestants) What symptoms are associated with Acute conjunctivitis? - correct answer Discharge Pain Blurred Vision What organism is the cause of Acute Conjunctivitis? - correct answer Staph Aureus What are some important familial history of common ocular defects? - correct answer Myopia Strabismus Glaucoma What are the 6 steps to taking history? - correct answer 1. Chief Complaint
- Secondary Problems of the eye
- Systemic or general illness (current)
- Past ocular disorders
- Wear contacts or glasses?
- Therapies, response to therapies What are the three main layers of tears? - correct answer Oily Layer (outer) Aqueous Layer (middle) Mucin Layer ( inner) What is the flow path of the aqueous humor? (PPATSA) - correct answer (PPATSA) Posterior Chamber---Pupil---Anterior Chamber---Trabecular Meshwork--- Schlemm's Canal---Aqueous Vein Lens of the eye? - correct answer A biconvex structure that light passes through. Vitreous Body? - correct answer Fluid filled space located behind the lens, occupies 2/3rds of the volume of the eye. Name the drops used that do not have cycloplegic effects. (CHEEP) - correct answer cocaine (anesthetic) hydroxaphetamine eucatropine hydrochloride epinepherine (adrenalin) phenylephrine (not used anymore, bad for heart) Example of Cycloplegic Agents.
The visual axis through the human eye is located? - correct answer on the nasal side of the pupil. The light reflex method - correct answer a type of PD measurement that gives the distance between the visual axis of the two eyes What are the two basic types of soft lenses used? - correct answer The hydrogel Lens The silicone Lens What are the 3 methods used today to disinfect hydrophilic lenses? - correct answer 1. Heat
- Chemical
- Ultraviolet exposure What are the steps to take for cleaning before removal of soft lenses? - correct answer Wash hands carefully No soaps with lanolin Dry Hands with a clean, lint-free towel What is the use of enzyme cleaner? - correct answer For removal of protein deposits What is the most stringent cleaning system for soft contact lenses? - correct answer Hydrogen Peroxide systems for 20 min. Insertion of soft contact lenses start at the? - correct answer lower part of the sclera and is gently pushed onto the cornea with the lower eyelid. Removal of soft contact lenses start by? - correct answer Sliding the lens down with the index finger to the lower sclera and pinching the lens to remove.
Macular Photo stress Test - correct answer A sensitive test for detecting macular dysfunction. Potential Acuity Meter (PAM) - correct answer Instrument attaches to a slit lamp and shows acuity after cataract surgery. Allows the physician to know that retina and media are intact. Interferometer - correct answer Using a red or white light that shines directly through the opaque portion of the cataract, it test out the proficiency of the retina for show of good postoperative acuity. Near vision charts are designed to be read at? - correct answer 14-16 inches Near Vision is recorded as the? - correct answer Smallest type that can be comfortably read at the distance at which the card is held. What are the different names for a lensometer? - correct answer Lensmeter, Vertometer, Vortexometer, Focimeter What are the 6 measurements required to fit a contact lens? - correct answer 1. The refractive error of the eye
- The dioptric power of the cornea
- The lens diameter
- The lens thickness
- The optic zone
- The peripheral curve blending The dioptric power of the cornea is determined by? - correct answer Keratometer Readings
A yellow top on eye drops is for? - correct answer Beta-blockers A dark blue top on eye drops is for? - correct answer beta blocker combinations An orange top on eye drops is for? - correct answer carbonic anhydrase inhibitors A turquoise top on eye drops is for? - correct answer prostaglandins When measuring lenses in the lensmeter, place the lens on the table _________ side towards you. - correct answer convex side After placing the lens in the lensmeter holder, center the lens then set the power to_____? - correct answer zero After the spherical power is obtained continue rotating the power wheel to bring the _______ - correct answer the second meridian into focus. (The difference is the cylinder power) The sign of the cylinder will be _______ that of the sphere? - correct answer opposite (at this point take the axis down) To find the addition of the lens, the difference between the _____ & the _____ must be found. - correct answer distance and the reading power must be found Who invented the ophthalmoscope? - correct answer Herman Von Helmholtz What are the seven basic shapes of the face? - correct answer 1. Oval
- Diamond
- Round
- Square
- Inverted
- Base-down triangle
- Oblong Definition of Spectacles - correct answer An optical appliance composed of lenses and a frame with sides. PD is measured - correct answer From the nasal edge of the pupil on the right eye to the temporal side of the patient's left eye Light reflex method - correct answer used to measure PD gives distance between the visual axis of the two eyes Optical Center - correct answer The thinnest part in the center of any minus lens or the thickest part of the center of a plus lens Patients with long faces need these types of frames - correct answer wide frames or horizontally long Patients with long noses need these types of frames - correct answer low-fitting bridge bar and dark color Patients with small noses need these types of frames - correct answer keyhole bridge or bridge bar set high Patients with eyes set too closely together need these types of frames - correct answer frames that are greater in depth at outer ends
Name the muscles of the eye. - correct answer medial rectus lateral rectus superior rectus inferior rectus superior oblique inferior oblique Maddox rod is? - correct answer a group of red or colorless parallel glass rods that act as a cylinder to dissociate the eyes and prevent from fusing. Maddox rod is used to detect what disorders? - correct answer heterotropia and heterophoria A prism? - correct answer is a triangular or wedge-shaped piece of plastic or glass that has the property of displacing a bundles of light toward the base of the prism. Prisms measure? - correct answer The presence and the amount of any Tropias or Phorias 3 Test used to measure muscle imbalance? - correct answer Krimsky Test Maddox Rod prism Test Cover Test At what age do children start to participate more voluntarily in the assessment of their visual acuity? - correct answer 3-5 years of age Pharmacology - correct answer deals with the basic properties of drugs, their actions, their fate in the human body, and their known side effects. Solutions are usually instilled in the? - correct answer The conjunctival sac
Solutions that have a pH greater than 7 are said to be? - correct answer Alkaline or basic Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be? - correct answer Acidic Most ophthalmic solutions have a pH that varies from _____ to ____? - correct answer 3.5 to 10. Tonicity - correct answer the concentration of the chemical in that solution What are alternative routes of medication - correct answer subconjunctival injections continuous-release delivery retrobulbar injections intracameral injections systemic medication Induction period - correct answer A delay in the time that occurs between the reaction to the use of particular drugs and the development of a state of hypersensitivity One of the most common ophthalmic preparations to cause allergic reactions of the skin of the eyelid is? - correct answer Atropine This drug used in glaucoma treatment can cause cataracts, iris cyst, and retinal detachment - correct answer Echothiophate Iodide Topically applied steroids can cause? - correct answer raised IOP, delay in wound healing, and increase potential viruses and bacteria
Drugs used to lower intraocular pressure include - correct answer Apraclonidine hcl topical dorzolamide (Trusopt) Lumigan Glycerin - correct answer is a thick, viscous liquid used to lower the intraocular pressure in acute narrow-angle glaucoma and before intraocular surgery. Urea - correct answer is a solution administered intravenously to quickly reduce the IOP in acute narrow-angle glaucoma Mannitol - correct answer administered intravenously, used interchangeably with urea Mast Cell Stabilizers - correct answer responsible for reducing the signs and symptoms of allergies Antihistamines - correct answer Relieves the clinical features of acute allergies Antibiotics - correct answer are chemical substances that can inhibit growth of bacteria and other microorganisims 2 families of antibiotics - correct answer Aminoglycoside antibiotics fluroquinolone antibiotics Myopia - correct answer Nearsightedness condition in which parallel rays of light come to focus in front of the retina Golmann Applanation Tonometer - correct answer gives a reliable measurement of intraocular pressure within +/- mmHg
Two basic types of bridges? - correct answer the saddle and the keyhole The Datum Line? - correct answer An imaginary line that runs through the center of the lenses where all measurements are taken Polycoria - correct answer multiple pupils Posterior Chamber - correct answer space between the back of the iris and the front of the lens filled with aqueous. Posterior Chamber Lens - correct answer an intraocular lens that is placed in the posterior chamber where a natural crystalline lens previously was created Posterior Pole of eye - correct answer the center of the posterior curvature of the eyeball Prentice's Rule - correct answer formula for calculating prismatic effect induced at any point in the lens (decentration x lens power = prism) Presbyopia - correct answer a gradual lessening of the power of accommodation due to a physiologic change that becomes noticeable about the age of 40. Prince's Rule - correct answer a measuring scale used for determining a patient's near point of accommodation Prism - correct answer an optical system that deviates the path of light Proptosis - correct answer protrusion of the eye (forward displacement) Prosthesis - correct answer replacement of a human eye by an artificial one
Resectin - correct answer Operation to remove a portion of a muscles and tendon and shorten it Residual Astigmatisim - correct answer the astigmatism present after the corneal astigmatism has been nullified by a contact lens Retina - correct answer innermost coat of the eye, formed of sensitive nerve elements and connected with optic nerve Retinal Detachment - correct answer a separation of the inner layer of the retina from the outer layer of the choroid Retinitis - correct answer Inflammation of the retina Retinitis Pigmentosa - correct answer a hereditary degeneration and atropy of the retina usually migration of pigment occurs Retinoblastoma - correct answer a malignant tumor of the retina Retinopexy - correct answer surgical reattachment of a detached retina Retinoscope - correct answer an instrument for determining the refractive state of the eye Retinoscopy - correct answer objective method of determining the refractive error of the eye by observing the movements of light refracted from the back of the eye Retrobulbar - correct answer behind the eyeball
Retrolental Fibroplasia - correct answer a disease of the eye of the retina in the premature infant in which the retina is partially or completely detached and pulled forward against the posterior surface of the lens Rods and Cones - correct answer two kinds of cells that form a layer of the retina and act as light receiving media Rose Bengal - correct answer a dye used to detect cells that are damaged or unprotected by native muccoproteins s, sc (sine correction) - correct answer without correction Sac - correct answer a bag-like structure safety glasses - correct answer impact-resistant spectacles; available with or without visual correction for workshop or street-wear protection Schirmer's Test - correct answer filter paper test for tear flow Schlemm's Canal - correct answer circular channel located deep in the limbus. The channel collects aqueous fluid from the anterior chamber to the episcleral veins Sceritis - correct answer inflammation of the sclera Scotoma - correct answer an area of reduced or lost vision in the visual field Scotopic Vision - correct answer vision in low light levels that involves rod photoreceptors Siderosis bulbi - correct answer deposits of iron pigment in the eyeball
