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A comprehensive overview of vitamins and coenzymes, highlighting their crucial roles in various biochemical reactions. It delves into the structure, function, and metabolically active forms of different vitamins and coenzymes, including thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp), flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad), pyridoxal phosphate, tetrahydrofolic acid, and cobalamin. The document also explores the mechanisms of action of these coenzymes, emphasizing their involvement in processes like decarboxylation, oxidation-reduction, amino acid activation, and transfer of one-carbon units. It further discusses the importance of metal ions in coenzyme function and the role of coenzymes in specific metabolic pathways.
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Termolábil Termoestable
Transfiere una unidad aldehído activada (Ej: Descarboxilación oxidativa.) Anillo tiazólico OH Pirimidina sustituida Anillo tiazólico Formas metabólicamente activas: Tiamina pirofosfato (^) Descarboxilación oxidativa. (^) Reacciones transcetolasas.
Piruvato Acetaldehído
Carbamión TPP Hidroxietil TPP Estabilización por resonancia
Adenina Ribosa Nicotinamida Grupo fosfato Óxidorreducción AH 2 + NAD
A + NADH + H
A + NADPH + H
AH 2 + NADP
Formas metabólicamente activa: Fosfato de piridoxal Fosfato de piridoxamina Activación de aminoácidos Interviene en reacciones catalizadas por: (^) Racemasas. (^) Transaminasas. (^) Desaminasas. (^) Descarboxilasas, etc. Piridoxina (^) Piridoxal OH Piridoxamina
(^) Participa en la síntesis de ácidos nucleicos (^) Participa en el metabolismo de aminoácidos (Ser, Gly, Met, Hys). Acido Tetrahidrofólico Transferencia de radicales monocarbonados diferentes al CO 2 . NH 3 H 2 C O=C NH R N H 2 C O=C NH R C O H
H N 10 -Formil H 4 folato H 4 folato GAR Transformilasa Glicinamida Ribonucleótido (GAR) Formilglicinamida Ribonucleótido (GAR)
Acido tetrahidrofólico FOLATO Dihidrofolato reductasa
NADP
H 2 FOLATO NADPH + H
NADP
Dihidrofolato reductasa
Transfiere radicales monocarbonados diferentes al CO 2. Desoxiadenosilcobalamina R Formas metabólicamente activas: 5´-Desoxi- adenosin Ribonucleótido de dimetil-benzimidazol Aminoisopropanol Sistema anular de corrina
R: Adenosil
FUNCIÓN BIOQUÍMICA Transferencia de radicales monocarbonados diferentes al CO 2 . MECANISMO DE ACCIÓN (^) Transferencia de un grupo metilo (metionina sintasa). (^) Isomerizaciones Adenosilcobalamina Metilmalonil CoA mutasa Metilmalonil CoA Succinil CoA Adenosil o metil cobalamina
