Cognitive Psychology Questions and Answers, Exams of Physiology

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Cognitive Psychology questions and

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Mediator - Correct Answers: A process or event within the individual which comes between a stimulus and a response Cognitive Map - Correct Answers: Tolman's Term for the mental representation of learned relationships among stimuli Insight - Correct Answers: A sudden change in the way one organizes a problem situation, typically this is characterized by a sudden chnage in behavior from random responding to rule based responding Mental Set - Correct Answers: In Gestalt Psychology, the cognitive Schema an individual uses to organize their perception of a particular situation such as a problem Latent Learning - Correct Answers: A term used by Tolman to describe situations in which learning is distinct from the performance of a behavior Learning - Correct Answers: The process of gathering information and organizing into mental schemas Memory - Correct Answers: The retention and use of prior learning Recall - Correct Answers: Active retrieval of information Recognition - Correct Answers: The process of identification presented information as familiar Relearning - Correct Answers: An improvement in performance which occurs by reviewing despite the inability to recall or recognize the information Priming - Correct Answers: A phenomenon whereby a thought or memory increases the activation of associated memories Sensory Memory - Correct Answers: a modality specific transient form of memory which serves as a buffer between the senses and short term memory

cue dependent coding - Correct Answers: the concept that all information is stored in memory as a set of relationships called the context, remembering is seen as dependent on resorting the cues which formed the original context decay - Correct Answers: spontaneous memory loss from the passage of time displacement - Correct Answers: forgetting in STM due to new and incoming information interference - Correct Answers: according to associationism, competition between items can hamper learning and produce forgetting retroactive interference - Correct Answers: in memory, a form of interference in recent experiences makes it difficult to recalls something learned earlier proactive interference - Correct Answers: a form of interference in which prior experiences make learning and recall of subsequent experiences difficult unlearning - Correct Answers: built up interference can lead to the breaking of associations and therefore the destruction of memories availability - Correct Answers: the principle that remembering is determined by whether the true information exists in long term memory or not. accessibility - Correct Answers: the principle that remembering and forgetting are dependent without proper cues. information which exists in long term memory may not be accessible context dependent forgetting - Correct Answers: failure to retrieve information from long term memory due to the absence of context cues. state dependent forgetting - Correct Answers: failure to retreve information from long term memory due to the absence of state dependent cues. mood. emotion

false recognition - Correct Answers: a form of memory where the presence of familiar clues leads one to believe the stimulus matches a previously learned experience reconstruction - Correct Answers: the process of recreating a whole memory when only given a part of the scenario mnemonics - Correct Answers: the study and use of techniques for memory improvement problem solving - Correct Answers: process of determining appropriate actions in order to over come obstacles incubation - Correct Answers: a waiting period between problem solving in order to modify your mental set convergent problem - Correct Answers: problem that has a single solution divergent problem - Correct Answers: problem that has more than one solution persistence of set - Correct Answers: a mental set developed in a previous problem is maintained even though it is no longer appropriate and tends to interfere with the current problem you are trying to solve functional fixedness - Correct Answers: perceiving an object as having only one use recentering - Correct Answers: developing an alternative mental set for a situation such as when trying to solve a problem think aloud protocol - Correct Answers: transcript of the comments made when an individual is asked to describe their thoughts and behaviors while working on a task initial state - Correct Answers: the situation at the outset of a problem

cognitive appraisal theory - Correct Answers: argues that our emotional state is based on our assessment of the situation and its significance to our well being