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Combo With CMS 315 Midterm Review SI and 1 other
Test With Complete Solution
Interpersonal communication - ANSWERthe process whereby one stimulates meaning in the mind of another through verbal and/or nonverbal means Hypodermic communication - ANSWERYou absorb all that is communicated to you; ex. watching violent movies makes you violent Dimensions of charisma - ANSWERCredibility, similarity, attraction Dimensions of credibility of charisma - ANSWERCompetence Composure Trustworthiness Sociability Redemptive positive evaluation - ANSWERwhen you know something bad about somethone will be sad, start with something good about them Decay stages - ANSWERNarrow Public Stylized Difficult Rigid Awkward Hesitant
Judgment suspended Growth stages - ANSWERBroad Personal Unique Efficient Flexible Smooth Spontaneous Judgment given 5 Stages of coming together - ANSWERInitiating Experimenting Intensifying Integrating Bonding Stages of coming apart - ANSWERDifferentiating Circumscribing Stagnating Avoiding Terminating Initiating stage - ANSWERGet them to like you, scan the person
Circumscribing stage - ANSWERNo talk in depth/talk less Stagnating stage - ANSWERThe communication doesn't move Avoiding stage - ANSWERdon't want to be around them--communication specifically designed to avoid face-to-face or voice-to-voice interaction Forms of "distancing" - ANSWERDisengagement Cognitive disassociation Cognitive disassociation - ANSWERdisgregarding messages, showing emotional lack of attachment Disengagement - ANSWERhiding information about self, interacting less personally Terminating stage - ANSWERThe breakup What are 5 important misconceptions about communication in relationships?
- ANSWER1. Assumption of consistency
- Assumption of simple meaning
- Assumption of communicator independence
- Assumption of obvious causation
- Assumption of finality Assumption of consistency - ANSWER"But that's not what you said yesterday" having others be consistent is valued in our society assume the message is going to be the same each time.
ex. teacher always tells you to read, so when he doesn't, you assume there is no reading, but there is in the syllabus Assumption of simple meaning - ANSWER"Well, if you said so you must have meant it!" face value of the sentence- you mean what you say, say what you mean ex. sarcasm ex. "i had fun at the party" compared to "i had FUN at the party" Assumption of communicator independence - ANSWER"It wasnt my fault" we talk about out relationships as if our behavior had nothing to do with what the other did -assume the other person knows what we are talking about Assumption of obvious causation - ANSWER"You can't fool me, I know why you said that" We assume we know what is going on and fill in the blanks. we jump to conclusions to quick ex. friend doesn't respond to text so you assume she's mad at you when really she was asleep Assumption of finality - ANSWER"Well that settles it" assuming it's over and finished 8 Dimensions of Communication - ANSWER1. Narrow-Broad
- Public-personal
efficient- you just give that certain look to your friend and they know you want to leave Rigid-flexibility - ANSWERGrowth stage: the number of different ways any given idea or feeling can be communicated increases -number of channels ex. using facial expressions, hand gestures... Awkward-smooth - ANSWERGrowth stage: the awkwardness decreases while the smoothness increases ex. if you try to fist bump someone you don't know. it's going to be awkward Hesitant-spontaneous - ANSWERSee increased hesitancy in decay. usually hesitant conversation is done when you don't know how the other person will act -closer we are, the more spontaneous ex. communicating with a crush (be hesitant when wanting to mention your rock collection) Overt judgment suspended-Overt judgment given - ANSWEROvert judgments are usually unspoken until the relationship reaches a more advanced stage Interpersonal needs in infancy/childhood - ANSWERInterpersonal needs are reflected in our behavior from the day we are born. Even before language is understood or spoken, the child is gaining a rudimentary understanding of interpersonal needs Interpersonal needs in Adolescence - ANSWERFor many, adolescence is a
time of adventure, a time to try and "master the world" and be independent Interpersonal needs in the older adult - ANSWERGenerally, the interpersonal needs of these older adults are linked to changes in three areas: (1) health and mobility, (2) social contacts, and (3) financial condition 4 things that "push people together" - ANSWERImpulse to receive stimulation Impulse to express experiences Impulse to assert oneself Impulse to enhance enjoyment of certain activities
The impulse to receive stimulation - ANSWERWe seek encounters with others to get excitement, variety, or change of pace Weekends receive more stimulation
The impulse to express experiences - ANSWERProvides protection and security; able to express when unhappy Each of us has a reservoir of private experiences that at some point must overflow onto others. (Talking about the experience)
The impulse to assert oneself - ANSWERNo matter how we choose to define it, our identity, or our self, is largely the result of testing its potential
Near or far - ANSWERProximity also may facilitate or curtail attraction. Great deal of research verifies the fact that we are more likely to develop friendship with people we are exposed to more often.
Similarity or dissimilarity - ANSWERMany studies confirm the fact that we often desire and select friends, dates, and spouses who are similar to us in morals, background, interest, goals, ways of expressing ideals attitudes, or appearance
Beauty or beast - ANSWERIt is safe to say that the evidence from contemporary United States culture overwhelmingly supports the notion that initially we respond much favorably to people perceived as physically attractive than to those seen as less attractive.
Types of disclaimers - ANSWERHedging Credentialing Sin Licenses Appeal for Suspended Judgment Cognitive
Hedging - ANSWERThis conveys that what follows is tentative and I am willing to accept other views
Credentialing - ANSWERThis conveys that I know you'll react unfavorably to what I'm about to say, but I'll try to establish special credentials that will soften the reaction. Justification for something you're about to say. ex. "I'm not expert but he's ____"
Sin licenses - ANSWERThis conveys that I know you'll react negatively, but thats the way it has to be
Appeal for suspended judgment - ANSWERThis conveys that I know you're going to be tempted to react unfavorably, but wait until you hear the whole story ex. "Just hear me out before you freak out"
Greeting sequence - ANSWERSighting Orientation Initiation of the approach Distant Salutation Approach Close Salutation
someone. It might be a situation in which we feel a particular person doesn't warrant deference any longer because status differences have grown fuzzy. "um, excuse me, mister"
Informal address - ANSWERThe informal forms of address are usually derived from a person's first name "hey daly, i have a question"
Intimate-Affectionate address - ANSWERThis form represents the least formal of the forms used to address others. Ordinarily, this form is reserved for close friends or intimates. "Hi, Johnny!"
General sequencing effect - ANSWERMovement generally systematic and sequential
Why does general sequencing effect occur? - ANSWEREach stage contains important presuppositions for each stage. Sequencing makes forecasting adjacent stages easier. Skipping steps is a gamble on the uncertainty presented by information that should have been learned in the earlier steps.
Dialectical theory - ANSWERChange takes place as the result of trying to resolve the inevitable tensions of relationships
What are the most common dialectical tensions? - ANSWERIntegration-Separation Expression-Nonexpression Stability-Change
Social Exchange Theories - ANSWERWe are constantly exchanging resources in relationships; resources evaluated as rewarding or not rewarding — people tend to seek awards
Equity rule - ANSWERpartners most satisfied when ratio of benefits to contributions is equal
Equality rule - ANSWERwhen each partner is perceived as contributing equally and benefiting equally
Need-based rule - ANSWERpeople do not exchange resources because of need for equity or equality, but instead in response to partner's needs
Norm of reciprocity - ANSWERgiving someone rewards today in hopes that
others behave and thus reinforces what you think...the cycle repeats.
Barriers to accurate perceptions - ANSWERConcealment Verbal and nonverbal behaviors associated with 2 different needs Selective interaction Observation of people soon after they have been mistreated
Reciprocal influence - ANSWERour behavior contributes to what appears in mass media, images portrayed in mass media impact our everyday expectations and behaviors
Visions in literature - ANSWERVision 1-50s and 60s Vision 2-60s and 70s Vision 3-70s to '90s Vision 4- Today
Vision 1 - ANSWER(50-60) Life is pretty simple and straightforward Unchanging/consistency Create a good impression, set aside genuine personal feelings, live up to predetermined standard
Vision 2 - ANSWER(60-early 70s) All marriages are different Orientation toward self--constantly changing relationships No standard for success Readers encouraged to abandon idea of self-sacrifice to make others happy and be their real selves Don't avoid conflict--encouraged openness of feelings
Vision 3 - ANSWER(70-90s) Middle ground between Vision 1 and 2 Relationship health/stability achieved when there was a sense of balance btwn. partners Knowledge of yourself and others leads to understanding of their own and others' expectations Change in relationships acknowledged, but described as predictable and cylical
Romance Novel Stages - ANSWER50s-characters played traditional, complementary roles 60s and 70s-heroine made tentative effort to change equality of relationship
Perception of constraints Perception of distance
Intimate communication - ANSWERsettings perceived as informal, warm, private, familiar, unconstrained, close
Attribution theory - ANSWERtheory addressing whether an action is due to person or personality ex. taking a specific behavior and attributing it to a whole person/personality
Fundamental Attribution Error - ANSWERsays we tend to overestimate dispositional (character) factors in others and underestimate situational factors. In ourselves and people we care about deeply, the reverse is true. This varies situation to situation. how we judge others behavior
Self serving bias: how we judge our behavior
Implicit personality theory - ANSWER- Each of us has a mental catalogue of traits in our head and as soon as we obtain information on one trait or a cluster of traits, we seem to assume automatically that other traits will follow in suit of that person being observed. -Ex: If someone is boring then we infer that they are other things (lonely,
quiet). If you know one trait, you assume other traits.
Gestalt Impression Formation - ANSWERwe organize individual traits to form a whole and then make assessments on for overall protection. Then, this perception influences individual traits.
Stereotyping - ANSWERcan do it inductively, from small to big (i.e. from big head to smart) or deductively from big to small (i.e. smart so must have big head).
Self-fulfilling prophecy - ANSWERstart with a false definition of the person. Act toward them on this fallacy. They start to respond like this, and hence we have "created" the behavior within them.
Pollyana Principle - ANSWEROptimistic bias in people. Evaluate people positively. Rate self above average. Overestimate importance of pleasant events and underestimate unpleasant events. Most people say they are optimists. People seem to remember events as more pleasant with the passage of time.
Communication rule - ANSWERa prescription we follow that indicates what to say in particular situations
