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Practice questions and answers for the comm 111 final exam, covering topics such as culture, communication, self-concept, self-esteem, social comparison, attribution theory, and relationship dynamics. It offers insights into key concepts and theories discussed in the course, providing a valuable resource for students preparing for their final exam.
Typology: Exams
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According to the reading, "The ongoing negotiation of learned and patterned beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors" is the definition of: Culture. According to Schultz, what does our best communication nurture? Shalom. According to Schultz, when we lie, we: Undermine relationships. According to Schultz, "Simplistic categories that mask important differences among people" is called: Stereotypes.
According to Schultz, what can speaking as "We" add to our lives? Meaning. According to the reading, self-esteem is a broad description of the self. False. According to the reading, self-esteem is the judgements and evaluations we make about our self-concept. Correct! True. According to the reading, self-concept is how we describe and evaluate ourselves in terms of how we compare to other people. False. According to the reading, we see ourselves reflected in other people's reactions to us and we form our self-concept on how we believe other people see us. True. According to the reading, self-concept is a more specific evaluation of the self.
According to Schultze, a sin of commission is saying what you should not have said. True. According to Schultze, communication can create a sin of omission when we should have listened or spoken and we did not. True. According to Schultze, love drives out fear. True. According to Schultze, transparency can equip us to become tribal. False. According to the reading, a culture is usually stable and unchanging, which is why it cannot be negotiated. False. According to the reading, Dominant groups have more resources and influence and therefore, more privilege. True.
According to the reading, our identities are relatively stable and change very little. False. According to the reading, social identities are primarily intrapersonal and are connected to our life experiences. False. According to the reading, the first stage of non-dominant identity development is called unexamined identity and this is where a person has a lack of awareness or lack of interest in their identity. Correct! True. According to the reading, the third stage of non-dominant identity development is called resistance and separation, and is when a person has tried but is still perceived as different and not included in the dominant group. True. According to Schultz, speaking as "we" can add meaning to our lives. True.
According to the reading, "The judgements and evaluation we make about our self- concept" is called: Self-esteem. According to Schultze, what can tribalism create? Confirmation bias. According to Schultze, which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of confessing our sins? Naming. According to Schultze, to become "tribal" means: Staying in our bubble of like-minded people. Research has found that people are not very good at making accurate first impressions about how an interaction will unfold. False.
When the error in attribution works out in our favor, it is called fundamental attribution error. False. Attribution effects perception by the attribution scripts we run in our minds to come up with explanations for what is happening in our lives. True. The fundamental attribution error is our tendency to explain other people's behavior using internal rather than external attribution. True. The Horns effect refers to what happens when our initial positive perception leads us to view later interaction as positive. False. What leads us to place more value on the first information we receive about a person? Primacy Effect. When we connect the cause of behaviors to personal aspects such as personality traits, it is called:
False. In the initiating stage of relationships, people size each other up and try to present themselves favorably. True. The experimenting stage of relationships has been likened to the "sniffing ritual" of animals. True. In the integrating stage of a relationship, two people's identities and personalities merge, and a sense of interdependence develops. True. The bonding stage of a relationship includes a public ritual that announces formal commitment. True. In the stagnation stage of a relationship, the relationship may come to a standstill, as individuals basically wait for the relationship to end. True.
All relationships experience at least 7 of the 10 relationship stages. False. The reading noted that "coming apart" is always a bad thing. False. The reading explains how social exchange theory is essentially a tit-for-tat exchange between relationship partners. False. Culture. ongoing negotiation of learned and patterned beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors. Communication Accommodation Theory theory that all people adapt their behavior to others to some extent.
Social comparison theory The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people. (Superiority/inferiority & similarity/difference). The role of Reflected Appraisal Helps in development of self concept. (how we imagine others see us). Cultivation Theory the idea that media affect a citizen's worldview through the information presented. Self-Efficacy One's sense of competence and effectiveness. Self-esteem How you feel about yourself. Fundamental Attribution Error Tendency to attribute others' behavior to their dispositions and our own behaviors to our situations.
Attribution theory the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. Self-serving bias the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors. Internal attribution When an individual uses a personal reason as the cause for a situation or event instead of an external (or environmental) attribution. External attribution An individual's belief that factors in their life for good or bad are controlled by forces and circumstances outside of themselves. Homophily The tendency for people to seek out or be attracted to those who are similar to themselves.
Exchange theory Theory that holds that people are motivated by self-interests in their interactions with other people. What do relationships cost us?: Rewards are outcomes that we get from a relationship that benefit us in some way, while costs range from granting favors to providing emotional support. Self-disclosure The act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. According to the reading, reducing the frequency of conflicts in a relationship is preferred over how the conflict is managed False. According to the reading, the three patterns that occur in serial arguing are repeating, mutual hostility and arguing with assurances. Correct! True.
The reading identifies three reasons why accommodating is never an appropriate conflict style. False. According to the reading, competing focuses on a win/lose outcome. True. According to the reading, which style of conflict has a low concern for self and a low concern for others? Avoiding. According to the reading, which style of conflict has a low concern for self and a high concern for others? Accommodating. According to the reading, which style of conflict has a moderate concern for self and others and may indicate that there is a low investment in the conflict or relationship? Compromise.
According to Schultze, we tend to communicate unkindly when we feel others have treated us unkindly. Correct! True. According to Schultze, servant communicators practice self-control. True. According to Schultze, being patient involves simply listening. True. According to Reading #12, "Popular Culture" is defined as "Those systems or artifacts that most people share or know about." True. According to Reading #12, "Popular Culture" are those media that are generally not produced for the masses, require a certain knowledge base, and typically require an investment of time and money to experience them." False.
According to Reading #12, what media theory notes that "Mass communications is like a gun firing bullets of information at a passive audience?" Magic Bullet Theory. According to Reading #12, what media theory claims that "A small group of people, gatekeepers, screen media messages, reshape these messages, and control their transmission to the masses?" Two-Step Flow Theory. According the Reading #12, what media theory claims, "There is a reciprocal nature of sharing information and influencing beliefs, attitudes, and behavior?" Multi-Step Flow Theory. According to Reading #12, what media theory notes, "Audience members actively pursue media to satisfy their own needs? Uses and Gratification Theory. According to Reading #12, Cultivation Theory questions how active we are when we consume mass communication. True.
