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The mechanisms by which the body maintains a relatively stable internal environment, even when the external environment is changing. It covers the role of thermoreceptors, the hypothalamus, and various physiological responses such as vasoconstriction, increased metabolism, and shivering to prevent a decrease in body temperature. A detailed explanation of how the body uses negative feedback to regulate temperature and other aspects of homeostasis, highlighting the importance of maintaining a constant internal state for proper bodily function. It covers key concepts related to thermoregulation, including the detection of temperature changes, the central control of temperature regulation, and the various effector mechanisms employed to maintain homeostasis.
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Time Allowed: 53 minutes Score: / 44 Percentage: / Grade Boundaries: A* A B C D E U
85% 77.5% 70% 62.5% 57.5% 45% <45%
For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ Quueesstti on Answer Marks Guidance 1 (a) (i) (thermoregulatory centre in) hypothalamus ; (^1) Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts the correct answer then = 0 marks ACCEPT hyperthalamus 1 (a) (ii) thermoreceptor / peripheral temperature receptor ; (^1) Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts the correct answer then = 0 marks IGNORE ‘heat’ / ‘sensory cell’ 1 (a) (iii) negative feedback / thermoregulation ; 1 Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts the correct answer then = 0 marks IGNORE homeostasis 1 (b) (i) M and N and P ; 1 If the answer is correct and an additional letter is given that is incorrect then = 0 marks All 3 correct letters required for one mark IGNORE J 1 (b) (ii) K and O ; 1 If the answer is correct and an additional letter is given then = 0 marks Both correct letters required for one mark 1 (b) (iii) L ; 1 Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an additional letter is given that is incorrect then = 0 marks ACCEPT J
For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ Question Answer Mark Guidance 2 (a) (i) mitosis ; (^) 1 CREDIT correct spelling only ACCEPT binary fission (ii) in the grex / 3 ;
(b) (i) cell signalling ;
(ii) 1 attraction of cell(s) to folic acid from bacteria ; 2 attraction of cells to each other by cAMP ; 3 coordinated movement in grex ; 4 differentiation / described, of (grex / slime mould) cells in response to DIF ;
max NOTE must name the chemical involved for description (except mp 3 coordinated movement) ACCEPT attraction of cells to bacteria by folic acid IGNORE makes cells stick together (iii) contains , receptors / glycoproteins / glycolipids / glycocalyx ; for , folic acid / cAMP / DIF ; 2 DO NOT CREDIT consists of receptors (c) 17 (hours) ;
Total 8
For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ Question Answer Marks Guidance 3 (a) ( 1 idea of maintaining (relatively) stable internal , environment / state ; 2 within (narrow) limits / within (narrow) range / about a set point ; 3 even though environment is changing ; 2 max 1 Need the idea of ‘constant’ or ‘steady’ and ‘regulation’ or ‘keeping’ and in the body 2 ACCEPT about the ‘norm’ IGNORE ref to negative feedback (as mechanism rather than definition) / optimum conditions CREDIT mps 2 & 3 (only) if response is in terms of example(s) e.g. temperature / blood glucose Note ‘maintaining a stable body temperature’ = 0 ‘keeping your body temperature at 37oC’ = 1 (mp 2) ‘even though it is getting cold’ = 1 (mp 3)
For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ a tick ( 🗸 ) if QWC has been awarded or a cross ( 🗴 ) if QWC has not been awarded You should use the green dot to identify the QWC terms that you are crediting.
For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ Question answer Marks Guidance 3 (b ) ( requires (daily) , insulin / hormone , injections ; is not affected by dietary changes ; 1 max ACCEPT insulin is not being produced in sufficient quantities 3 (b ) (i idea that has developed in , an old(er) person / middle age / a 55 year old ; 1 Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts the correct answer then = 0 marks DO NOT CREDIT references to diet, as this was ineffective but use NBOD icon to indicate this Total 10
For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ Question Expected Answer Mark Additional Guidance 4 (a) (ii) 1 transfers energy / energy ‘currency’ / releases energy / 1 IGNORE contains energy universal energy molecule / energy intermediate / DO NOT CREDIT produce energy (immediate) source of energy ; 2 phosphate(s) can be removed by hydrolysis ; 2 ATP → ADP + P(i) by hydrolysis or ATP + H 2 O → ADP + P(i) (must include water) 3 to , release / provide , 30 kJ (mol-1) energy ; 3 ACCEPT 28 – 32 kJ DO NOT CREDIT produce energy 4 (energy released for) metabolism / 4 e.g. ⚫ muscle contraction appropriate named reaction / ⚫ active transport appropriate reaction described ; ⚫ phosphorylation ⚫ glycolysis ⚫ during movement binding to proteins to change their shape IGNORE respiration / photosynthesis unqualified 5 ADP can attach a phosphate (forming ATP) during , 5 CREDIT during, oxidative phosphorylation / respiration / photosynthesis ; chemiosmosi s / substrate level phosphorylation / photophosphorylation 6 energy released in , small ‘packets’ (to prevent cell damage) / suitable quantity ; NOTE ‘it releases 30kJ of energy when a phosphate is removed by hydrolysis’ = 3 marks (mps 3, 1 and 2) 3 max
For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ Question Expected Answer Mark Additional Guidance 4 (b) (i) crista ; 1 Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts the correct answer then = 0 marks ACCEPT ‘cristae’ / ‘ inner mitochondrial membrane’ IGNORE ‘stalked particles’ 4 (b) (ii) chemiosmosis / oxidative phosphorylation ; 1 Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts the correct answer then = 0 marks IGNORE description of chemiosmosis [e.g. ⚫ ‘ATP synthesis’ ⚫ ‘electron flow along electron carriers’] IGNORE ‘ aerobic respiration’ IGNORE ‘electron transport chain’ alone (as this is not a process) 4 (c) (i) 1 2 3 4 5 substrate respired changes over time ; initially respires (mostly) , glucose / carbohydrate ; lower / decrease in / 0.75 , RQ indicates (more) , fat / lipid , as substrate or as time goes by (more) lipid is respired ; glucose / carbohydrate , used up / decreases (over time) ; protein not likely to be used as substrate / protein only used as a last resort ; 3 max 1 Needs to be a clear statement and not just names and not inferred from candidate’s complete answer 2 IGNORE respiring protein 3 IGNORE respiring protein 5 ‘Less protein respired’ isn’t quite enough for this mp
