Chapter 1 Outline- Communication and Persuasion: Logos, Pathos, Ethos
1) Noticing and Thinking
a) Pay more attention to writing, not finishing
b) Buddha example- pay attention to something positive
c) Process of Thinking
i) Hallmark of critical thinking- realizing viewpoints and ideas not considered before
ii) Notice, explore, discover, test
d) Eurekas
e) The Paradigm Shift
i) Major eureka
ii) Stephen Covey defines as “a theory, an explanation, or model of something else”
iii) Constantly experience the process of thinking when writing
(1) Topic choice, supporting evidence, organization, style
2) Communicating Clearly and Effectively
a) Writing is persuasive
b) Use “sensory language”
c) Specific Evidence
i) Having a valid opinion is not for clear communication and persuasion
ii) Must be supported with specific evidence: convincing reasons, examples, details
iii) Makes thesis noticeable by use of details
iv) Critical thinkers take time to support their ideas with details
3) Writing an Opinion Essay
a) Defend beliefs and opinions with persuasive arguments
b) Writing opinion essays allows you to think more deliberately than you would in a normal
conversation
c) Finding your subject
i) Wonder what thing suggest or mean
ii) When writing assignments for class look for real world applications
(1) Write about something you honestly care about
(2) Readers want truth, something new, something diverse, or something interesting,
entertaining , or enlightening
(3) Have evidence, better to have more than not enough
4) Writing Persuasively
a) Persuasive writing attempts to move reader
i) Appeal to mind, emotion, character
b) A persuasive writer attempts to get readers to respond as the writer wishes
c) You can’t make your readers accept a fact without proof or evidence
d) Many people are suspicious that people are trying to manipulate them
e) Ancient orators introduced emotions and morality into arguments, the philosophers
insisted that students must be taught to use only logic and reason
