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CMN 102: Exam 2 Latest Update with
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Cultivation Theory ✔✔a. what is cultivation theory(by george gerben)
- they believe that media exposure shapes perceptions and is a stable part of lifestyle
- media is the main storyteller of our culture
- violence is the principle message in all programming
b. Iceberg analogy ✔✔-just like an iceberg the media is always in motion
heavy vs light viewers ✔✔light viewers
heavy viewers or televison types
- more than 4 hours
- faster to respond to questions
- have cognitive mental shortcuts
- makes attitudes more stronger
results: heavy viewers percieved violent crimes as more likely to happen
c. Media exposure and cultivation theory ✔✔-social media use can negatively impact mental health
- can cause depression and anxiety
- lack of sleep
Priming Theory ✔✔a. What is priming theory?
- an event can activate thoughts that can be related to ideas and action tendencies
- a network units interconnected
- ex: beliefs, thoughts, feelings, memories etc.
b. Priming and Violence ✔✔ex: after a short period of time after viewing a violent stimuli a viewer will be inclined to...
- have hostile thoughts
- justify agressive acts
- be inclined to behave aggressively
Entertainment Education ✔✔refers to prosocial messages embedded in popular entertainment and media content
ex: greys anatomy primed people to not trust hospitals/doctors
Why does Entertainment education work? ✔✔a. Narrative Involvement
-"you get caught up in the show"
b. Character Involvement
-next slide
Character Involvement ✔✔i. Identification
-you identify with the character
-"what would merideth do?"
ii. Wishful Identification
-when you want to be like a character
-you aspire to be that person
iii. Similarity
-simply sharing something in common
iv. Parasocial Interaction
-you think you know them on a personal level
v. Liking
-just have a positive view of them
Social Categorization Theory ✔✔we catagorize ourselves based on intrinsic and arbitrary atributes
-intrinsic: things we are born with and can't control
-arbitrary: things we can control
the way we make sense of the world...but can lead to conflict and discrimination
-we potrey ourselves better than others
b. Ridicule
-highlights the differences
-leads to negative stereotypes
c. Regulation
-are in roles that uphold social norms (cops and judges)
-show a more positive stereotype
d. Respect
Race and Media Research
**For the exam, you do not need to remember the specific numbers in each of the study. However, you NEED to know the general patterns, key findings, and the implications of those numbers. ✔✔a. Content Analysis
b. Dixon & Linz (2000)
c. Dixon (2017)
d. Mastro & Greenberg (2000)
e. Mastro & Behm-Morawitz (2005)
f. Quick et al. (2016)
b. Dixon & Linz (2000) ✔✔-whites were overrepresented as police
-blacks were overrepresented as criminals
-latinos were underrepresented as both
c. Dixon (2017)-repeated study ✔✔the only change was...
-blacks were neither under or overrepresented as officers, victims, or criminals
d. Mastro & Greenberg (2000)-role in television ✔✔overrepresented
-males
-whites
-blacks
underrepresented
-latinos
-asian
no potrayals of Native Americans
e. Physical appearance
f. Chronemics
a. Kinesics ✔✔def: body movement
types...
- emblems
-gestures that has a direct verbal meaning
-ex:thumbs up
2.illustrators
-doesn't have a direct verbal translation, they compliment spoken word
-ex: pointing
- regulators
-nonverbal cues to show your done talking
- affect displays
-showing excitement
- posture
-shows how interested you are in the convo
b. Paralinguistics ✔✔-volume
-pitch
-speech rate
-inonation(accent)
c. Proxemics ✔✔intimate distance (18")
personal distance(18"-4ft)
social distance (4-12ft)
public distance (12ft-within sight)
d. Haptics ✔✔touch
-smiling and saying you did great
d. Substitute
-your friend asks how your doing and put a thumbs up
-nonverbal replaces verbal
e. Accent/modify
-while your yelling your point and bang on the wall
-the nonverbal accents the verbal
Functions of nonverbal communication ✔✔a. Providing information
b. Assisting word retrieval
c. Regulating interaction
d. Expressing intimacy
e. Managing/conveying identity
f. Facilitating task goals
Myths about nonverbal communication ✔✔a. Nonverbal communication has a single meaning
b. Lying can always be detected by nonverbal communication
Interpersonal Deception Theory ✔✔a. Deception is a process based on...
- falsification
-you are telling a lie
- concealment
-when you try to hide the truth
- equivocation
-being vague on purpose
b. What do liars do ✔✔-smile falsely
-blink frequently
-dilated pupils
-shift body posture
-be articulate
-speak slower
- penetration
-disclosure is rapid at the start but slows down more quickly as the tightly rapped inner layers are reached.
-ed: onion
- "Depenetration
is a gradual process of layer-by-layer withdrawal"
e. Factors influence social penetration theory ✔✔1. Cost and Rewards (Social Exchange Theory)
- Comparison levels (CL)
- Comparison levels of alternatives (CLalt)
- Cost and Rewards (Social Exchange Theory) ✔✔do the benefits outweigh the costs
- Comparison levels (CL) ✔✔we gauge our relationships based on past relationships
but if we have no past relational experience...
- are my expectations being met?
- am I generally sad in this relationship?
- would not being in the relationship be better than being in it?
- Comparison levels of alternatives (CLalt) ✔✔would the relationship be better with someone else?
Relational Turbulence Model ✔✔a. Relational turbulence
-how we respond to change
-a theory that focuses on the moments of change in a relationship and the resulting* cmn, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral* outcomes of change
b. Key concepts: Transitions and Turbulence
c. Airplane analogy
b. Key concepts: Transitions and Turbulence ✔✔transitions (or change)
-a factor or force that creates the potential for change in a relationship
turbulance
-how you respond to the change
B. Interference with routines and goals
-how much time you spend with them
-what you need to do for the day
Outcomes to turbulance ✔✔i. Negative cognitions or thoughts
ii. Negative emotions
Health Communication Definition ✔✔1. seek
- process
- share
Doctor-Patient Communication ✔✔f. Doctor Training
i. Biomedical Model
-only trained to do the job
-this method is dead
ii. Ecological Model
-train them to do the job and look at the psychic well being
Ecological Model of Communication in Medical Encounters ✔✔
Three Communication Styles ✔✔i. Paternalistic model
ii. Informed model
iii. Shared model
Social Support ✔✔indicating that a person is valued and cared for by others
"if you give a little love you get some back"
Outcomes of social support ✔✔1. physical health
- psychological health
- emotional health
Types of Social Support ✔✔i. Informational Support
-showing someone how to do something
