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community health lecture notes
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HIV 101 N4415: Community Health Nursing Objectives After attending this lecture, students will be able to discuss:
1. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. Every 9 Minutes someone in the US is infected with HIV HIV transmission in U.S. -MSM-Men who have sex with men is a term used in CDC because iindicates behaviors that transmits HIV, rather than self sexual identity. -IDU-Injection Drug Users Retrovirus-RNA. Goes into healthy cells changing RNA to DNA. Sneaky. Not a death sentence. Global pandemic driven by travel/migration, sex practices, drug use, war, economics. Pandemic related to economics (prostitution) Chronic infectious disease which can be controlled with effective treatment Estimated Per-Act Risk for Acquisition of HIV by Exposure Route
Common HIV/AIDS-related complications Diabetes Lipodystrophy-odd distribution of fat (is a problem with the way the body produces, uses, and stores fat. It is also called fat redistribution.) Lactic acidosis-Increased lactic acid in blood (condition caused by the buildup of lactic acid in the blood. The condition is a rare but serious side effect of some HIV medicines. fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, and weight loss) Opportunistic infections & malignancies Pneumocystis -Fungus Tuberculosis Cryptococcal meningitis Kaposi’s sarcoma - type of cancer that mainly affects the skin, mouth, and lymph nodes -- infection-fighting glands. Spots on neck, face
5. Recommended treatment for HIV Treatment Several different kinds of antiretroviral drugs are currently used to treat HIV infection.• These medicines do not cure HIV infection or AIDS• These medicines do not eliminate the risk of passing HIV to others• Treatment of HIV infection requires a combination of HIV medicines• Not all medicines are right for all people, and treatments may be different for each person; talk with your doctor or other health care provider if you have questions about your treatment When to start treatment
In order for viruses to reproduce, they must infect a cell. Viruses are not technically alive: they are sort of like a brain with no body. In order to make new viruses, they must hi-jack a cell, and use it to make new viruses. Just as your body is constantly making new skin cells, or new blood cells, each cell often makes new proteins in order to stay alive and to reproduce itself. Viruses hide their own DNA in the DNA of the cell, and then, when the cell tries to make new proteins, it accidentally makes new viruses as well. HIV mostly infects cells in the immune system.Infection: Several different kinds of cells have proteins on their surface that are called CD4 receptors. HIV searches for cells that have CD4 surface receptors, because this particular protein enables the virus to bind to the cell. Although HIV infects a variety of cells, its main target is the T4-lymphocyte (also called the "T-helper cell"), a kind of white blood cell that has lots of CD4 receptors. The T4-cell is responsible for warning your immune system that there are invaders in the system. Replication: Once HIV binds to a cell, it hides HIV DNA inside the cell's DNA: this turns the cell into a sort of HIV factory. A retrovirus is composed of RNA not DNA. They have an enzyme called reverse transcriptase that gives them the unique property of transcribing their RNA into DNA after entering a cell. The retroviral DNA can then integrate into the chromosal DNA of the host cell to be expressed there. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS