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community health lecture notes, Study notes of Community Health

Arkansas State University (ASU) - Main CampusCommunity Health

community health lecture notes

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Uploaded on 06/29/2025

reagan-taylor-2
reagan-taylor-2 🇺🇸

51 documents

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CH LM 12
HIV/AIDS
Page 1 of 3
HIV
What is is: Chronic infectious disease which can be controlled w/effective treatment. Global pandemic. Retrovirus.
How it's transmitted:
You canNOT get it by:
Disease Progression
Primary Infection Window Period Asymptomatic HIV Symptomatic HIV Advanced HIV AIDS
May last 10 years
Common Complications Associated Diseases Opportunistic Infections
How does a retrovirus work? Life Cycle Lab Tests T cells/CD4/Helper cell Viral Load
Blood, semen, pre-cum, vaginal fluid, breast milk. Unprotected sex w/infected person, mother to child, sharing needles,
blood transfusion, occupational exposure.
Sharing food, bed linen, door knobs, phones, towels, combs, pools, toilet seats, hugging/kissing, mosquitos, shaking hands,
living w/infected person.
2-4 wks after infection
Flu-like symptoms
(or none at all)
6 wks - 3 mos.
After infection, before
antibodies; false-
negatives on tests.
Last stage.
Dx when CD4
<200/mL
Acute Retroviral
Syndrome
Fever
Myalgia
Lymphadenopathy
Pharyngitis
Rash
Diarrhea
Main sx of Acute HIV
infection
Fever, Weight loss
Mouth sores, Thrush
Myalgia
Liver/spleen
enlargement
HA, Neuropathy
Lymphadenopathy
Rash
N/V
Diabetes
Lipodystrophy (fat loss
or fat buildup in certain
areas)
Lactic Acidosis
Toxoplasmosis
Cryptococcal
meningitis
Cytomegalovirus
Candidiasis
(mouth/vagina)
TB
Pneumocystis
pneumonia
Herpes simplex
Shingles
Genital herpes
HPV
Pneumocystis
TB
Cryptococcal meningitis
Kaposi's sarcoma
(Can signal the final
stage, AIDS)
pf3

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HIV/AIDS

HIV

What is is: Chronic infectious disease which can be controlled w/effective treatment. Global pandemic. Retrovirus. How it's transmitted: You canNOT get it by: Disease Progression Primary Infection Window Period Asymptomatic HIV Symptomatic HIV Advanced HIV AIDS May last 10 years Common Complications Associated Diseases Opportunistic Infections How does a retrovirus work? Life Cycle Lab Tests T cells/CD4/Helper cell Viral Load Blood, semen, pre-cum, vaginal fluid, breast milk. Unprotected sex w/infected person, mother to child, sharing needles, blood transfusion, occupational exposure. Sharing food, bed linen, door knobs, phones, towels, combs, pools, toilet seats, hugging/kissing, mosquitos, shaking hands, living w/infected person. 2-4 wks after infection Flu-like symptoms (or none at all) 6 wks - 3 mos. After infection, before antibodies; false- negatives on tests. Last stage. Dx when CD <200/mL Acute Retroviral Syndrome Fever Myalgia Lymphadenopathy Pharyngitis Rash Diarrhea Main sx of Acute HIV infection Fever, Weight loss Mouth sores, Thrush Myalgia Liver/spleen enlargement HA, Neuropathy Lymphadenopathy Rash N/V Diabetes Lipodystrophy (fat loss or fat buildup in certain areas) Lactic Acidosis Toxoplasmosis Cryptococcal meningitis Cytomegalovirus Candidiasis (mouth/vagina) TB Pneumocystis pneumonia Herpes simplex Shingles Genital herpes HPV Pneumocystis TB Cryptococcal meningitis Kaposi's sarcoma (Can signal the final stage, AIDS)

HIV/AIDS

Fusion Inhibitor Integrase Inhibitor CCR5 Antagonists

  1. HIV attaches itself to CD4 cell (helper T cell; white blood cell that fights infection/coord. cell mediated immune response) & enters
  2. HIV copies itself to make more virus
  3. HIV/CD4 cell fight until HIV dmgs the cell
  4. Young HIV leaves the cell
  5. HIV matures & invades more cells 2-10 billion viral particles every 1-2 days 2 billion new T-cells every day, most are destroyed by HIV HIV Viral Load (PCR) Amt of HIV RNA (ribonucleic acid - carries instructions for DNA to make proteins) per mL in a blood sample. Tx goal: < copies/mL CD4 Percentage/Count (How many lymphocytes are CD cells) CD4% <20 = immunsuppr CD4% <14 = AIDS Normal range: 660 - 1550 On avg, lose 80-100 Q yr of HIV infection <200 is AIDS Lower count = more opportunistic infections The higher the load, the faster the progression of HIV Range of viral load test is <50 to

10,000,000 copies Some pts have low/undetectible even 10 yrs on w/no tx Treatment (these can also be in combination tablets of 2+ anti HIV meds) Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) Protease Inhibitors (PIs) Block reverse transcriptase, an enzyme HIV needs to copy itself via faulty versions of those building blocks. Pancreatitis, anorexia, lactic acidosis, renal tubular injury, hypersensitivity. Bind & reverses transcriptase Hepatitis, mental status change, sleep disturbed, rash. Block HIV protease, an enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself Diarrhea, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, CV dz, urolithiasis, rash. Block HIV from entering CD4 cells Block HIV integrase, an enzyme needed by HIV to make copies/insert genetic material into CD4 cells Block CCR5, a protein on CD4 cells that HIV needs to enter the cell Consider starting ARV 500 CD Recommended start 350-500 CD Strong recomm. <350 CD Initiate ARV regardless CD4 when: Hx AIDS-defining illness PG HIV neuropathy Hep. B co-infection SE of ARV N/V/D Abn heartbeat SOB Liver dmg Elevated blood sugar Skin rash Weak bone/bone death Treatment Issues Adherence to med regimen Drug resistance SE Cost Occupational Exposure If exposed to blood, have 0.3% risk of infection. Goal is to start tx w/in 2 hours.