MIPS reference card
add rd, rs, rt Add rd = rs + rt R0/20
sub rd, rs, rt Subtract rd = rs - rt R0/22
addi rt, rs, imm Add Imm. rt = rs + imm±I 8
addu rd, rs, rt Add Unsigned rd = rs + rt R0/21
subu rd, rs, rt Subtract Unsigned rd = rs - rt R0/23
addiu rt, rs, imm Add Imm. Unsigned rt = rs + imm±I 9
mult rs, rt Multiply {hi, lo} = rs *rt R0/18
div rs, rt Divide lo=rs/rt;hi=rs%rt R0/1a
multu rs, rt Multiply Unsigned {hi, lo} = rs *rt R0/19
divu rs, rt Divide Unsigned lo=rs/rt;hi=rs%rt R0/1b
mfhi rd Move From Hi rd = hi R0/10
mflo rd Move From Lo rd = lo R0/12
and rd, rs, rt And rd = rs & rt R0/24
or rd, rs, rt Or rd = rs | rt R0/25
nor rd, rs, rt Nor rd = ˜(rs | rt) R0/27
xor rd, rs, rt eXclusive Or rd = rs ˆ rt R0/26
andi rt, rs, imm And Imm. rt = rs & imm0I c
ori rt, rs, imm Or Imm. rt = rs | imm0I d
xori rt, rs, imm eXclusive Or Imm. rt = rs ˆ imm0I e
sll rd, rt, sh Shift Left Logical rd = rt << sh R0/0
srl rd, rt, sh Shift Right Logical rd = rt >>> sh R0/2
sra rd, rt, sh Shift Right Arithmetic rd = rt >> sh R0/3
sllv rd, rt, rs Shift Left Logical Variable rd = rt << rs R0/4
srlv rd, rt, rs Shift Right Logical Variable rd = rt >>> rs R0/6
srav rd, rt, rs Shift Right Arithmetic Variable rd = rt >> rs R0/7
slt rd, rs, rt Set if Less Than rd=rs<rt?1:0 R0/2a
sltu rd, rs, rt Set if Less Than Unsigned rd=rs<rt?1:0 R0/2b
slti rt, rs, imm Set if Less Than Imm. rt = rs < imm±?1:0 I a
sltiu rt, rs, imm Set if Less Than Imm. Unsigned rt = rs < imm±?1:0 I b
jaddr Jump PC = PC&0xF0000000 | (addr0<< 2) J 2
jal addr Jump And Link $ra = PC + 8; PC = PC&0xF0000000 | (addr0<< 2) J 3
jr rs Jump Register PC = rs R0/8
jalr rs Jump And Link Register $ra = PC + 8; PC = rs R0/9
beq rt, rs, imm Branch if Equal if (rs == rt) PC += 4 + (imm±<< 2) I 4
bne rt, rs, imm Branch if Not Equal if (rs != rt) PC += 4 + (imm±<< 2) I 5
syscall System Call c0_cause = 8 << 2; c0_epc = PC; PC = 0x80000080 R0/c
lui rt, imm Load Upper Imm. rt = imm << 16 I f
lb rt, imm(rs) Load Byte rt = SignExt(M1[rs + imm±]) I 20
lbu rt, imm(rs) Load Byte Unsigned rt = M1[rs + imm±] & 0xFF I 24
lh rt, imm(rs) Load Half rt = SignExt(M2[rs + imm±]) I 21
lhu rt, imm(rs) Load Half Unsigned rt = M2[rs + imm±] & 0xFFFF I 25
lw rt, imm(rs) Load Word rt = M4[rs + imm±]I 23
sb rt, imm(rs) Store Byte M1[rs + imm±] = rt I 28
sh rt, imm(rs) Store Half M2[rs + imm±] = rt I 29
sw rt, imm(rs) Store Word M4[rs + imm±] = rt I 2b
ll rt, imm(rs) Load Linked rt = M4[rs + imm±]I 30
sc rt, imm(rs) Store Conditional M4[rs + imm±] = rt; rt = atomic ? 1 : 0 I 38
pseudo-instructions
bge rx, ry, imm Branch if Greater or Equal
bgt rx, ry, imm Branch if Greater Than
ble rx, ry, imm Branch if Less or Equal
blt rx, ry, imm Branch if Less Than
la rx, label Load Address
li rx, imm Load Immediate
move rx, ry Move register
nop No Operation
op rs rt rd sh func
R
6 bits 5 bits 5 bits 5 bits 5 bits 6 bits
op addr
J
6 bits 26 bits
op rs rt imm
I
6 bits 5 bits 5 bits 16 bits
registers
$0 $zero
$1 $at
$2–$3 $v0–$v1
$4–$7 $a0–$a3
$8–$15 $t0–$t7
$16–$23 $s0–$s7
$24–$25 $t8–$t9
$26–$27 $k0–$k1
$28 $gp
$29 $sp
$30 $fp
$31 $ra
hi —
lo —
PC —
co $13 c0_cause
co $14 c0_epc
syscall codes
for MARS/SPIM
1 print integer
2 print float
3 print double
4 print string
5 read integer
6 read float
7 read double
8 read string
9 sbrk/alloc. mem.
10 exit
11 print character
12 read character
13 open file
14 read file
15 write to file
16 close file
exception causes
0 interrupt
1 TLB protection
2 TLB miss L/F
3 TLB miss S
4 bad address L/F
5 bad address S
6 bus error F
7 bus error L/S
8syscall
9break
a reserved instr.
b coproc. unusable
c arith. overflow
F: fetch instr.
L: load data
S: store data
