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CPDT-KA Comprehensive Study Q's with
Certified Answers
What is a Punisher ✔✔something the learner will work to avoid and diminishes likelihood behavior will repeat
Primary Reinforcers ✔✔food, reproductive opportunity, water, physical and emotional security, sometimes play
Secondary Reinforcer ✔✔The stimulus is paired with or predicting a primary reinforcer, EX: clicker predicting food
Tertiary Reinforcer ✔✔A behavior or stimulus that has been paired with or predicts a secondary reinforcer; helps create behavior chains
Stimulus definition ✔✔Something that elicits a behavior
Response definition ✔✔A behavior elicited by a stimulus
Consequence ✔✔What occurs in response to the learner's behavior (i.e. a reinforcer, punisher, nothing). Varies depending on the learner
Counter- Conditioned Stimulus ✔✔A stimulus/response that has a new, redefined meaning than previously learned
Sensitization ✔✔To become hyper aware or responsive to a stimulus
Desensitization ✔✔To become less aware/sensitive of a stimulus through a protocol or intentional practice
Adaptation ✔✔Physical/sensory systems have been fatigued
Habituation ✔✔To become less aware/sensitive to a stimulus through "been there, done that" and stimulus was/is always present in full force.
Overlearning ✔✔Practicing until lesson is understood no matter how information is presented
Extinction definition ✔✔Decreasing/extinguishing (frequency) of a conditioned behavior by removing reinforcement
Extinction Burst definition ✔✔Where behavior increases in frequency/intensity early during extinction
Spontaneous Recovery definition ✔✔"backsliding" in recover/extinction
What is the Premack Principle ✔✔A more likely behavior can reinforce a less likely behavior
Grandma's Law ✔✔AKA Premack Principle
"Eat your peas and then you can have ice cream" is an example of using the ____________ ✔✔Premack Principle
Torndike's Law of Effect ✔✔Behaviors are more likely to be repeated if they lead to a satisfying consequence, and less likely to be repeated if they lead to an unsatisfying consequence
Torndike's Law of Effect states that (3 parts) ✔✔1) Learning is incremental
2)Learning can occur via trail and error
- "Use it or lose it!" Learning can be lost if not practiced/reviewed occasionally
Classical Learning/Conditioning works on changing ✔✔visceral/emotional/reflexive associations
NS stands for ✔✔Neutral Stimulus
a Neutral Stimulus (NS) is ✔✔a stimulus that has no meaning, an untrained stimulus
UCS stands for ✔✔Unconditioned stimulus
a Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) is ✔✔a stimulus that has inherent but NOT learned meaning
CS stands for ✔✔Conditioned Stimulus
a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) is ✔✔a stimulus that has a learned/trained meaning
Aquisition during Operant Conditioning is when ✔✔the learner is being taught the new behavior and getting paired with a cue for the behavior
Generalization of a cue requires ✔✔Getting the dog to understand the behavior will be rewareded regardless of the enviornment, changes in the handler/handler's voice, etc.
Cue Discrimination ✔✔the behavior will only be offered when cued, and the behavior will only get rewarded on cue
For a reliable behavior, you need both ✔✔Generalization and Discrimination
The 5 D's of Learning ✔✔Distance, Duration, Distraction, Difficulty, and Diversity
Stimulus Control/Fluency is when ✔✔dog has achieved generalization and discrimination
The Stages of Learning in Operant Conditioning are: ✔✔Aquisition, Generalization/Discrimination, The 5 D's, and Stimulus Control/Fluency
B.F. Skinner says Operant Learning is what ✔✔Happens when the learner operates within their enviornemnt and responds to the consequences
Positive Reinforcement (+R) ✔✔Adds something to strengthen behavior
Positive Punishment (+P) ✔✔Adds something to weaken behavior
Negative Reinforcement (-R) ✔✔Subtract/take something to strengthen behavior
Negative Punishment (-P) ✔✔Subtract/take something to weaken beahavior
+R ✔✔Positive Reinforcement
-R ✔✔Negative Reinforcement
+P ✔✔Positive Punishment
-P ✔✔Negative Punishment
in LLW, an example of -P is: ✔✔forward motion of walk ends when dog pulls
Prompting definition ✔✔a verbal or physical trigger to start a behavior
The pro's of prompting ✔✔helps elicit the behavior quickly
The con's of prompting ✔✔can accidentally train the prompt to be part of the cue
Fading definition ✔✔Decreasing the intensity of the prompt
Fading is necessary to avoid ✔✔the prompt for a cue becoming part of the cue
Luring definiton ✔✔using the dog's nose to get their body to follow, usually uses food to get the dog to follow
the pro's of Luring ✔✔creates an almost built-in hand signal, teaches the behavior quickly
The con's of Luring ✔✔without proper fading of the treat the dog can become dependent on the presence of the treat
Targeting ✔✔provides a location goal for the dog
The pro's of Targeting ✔✔easy to use to teach more complex behaviors once core mechanism is taught
The con's of Targeting ✔✔dog can become confused, some dogs are sensitive about using their nose or paws
Modeling/Molding ✔✔Touching/manipulating the dog to get them to do a behavior
The pro's of modeling ✔✔can be helpful for stoic dogs/dogs who are reluctant to follow a lure or target
The con's of modeling ✔✔dog can become dependent on touch to cue behavior, some dogs find the physical manipulation aversive, dog learns slower this way because they don't really think about what we want from them
VR is short for ✔✔Variable Ratio schedule abbreviation
FI is short for ✔✔Fixed Interval schedule abbreviation
VI is short for ✔✔Variable Interval schedule abbreviation
DRH is short for ✔✔Differential High Response Rate schedule abbreviation
DRL is short for ✔✔Differential Low Response Rate schedule abbreviation
DRI is short for ✔✔Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior schedule abbreviation
DRO is short for ✔✔Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors schedule abbreviation
DRE is short for ✔✔Differential Reinforcement of Excellent Behaviors schedule abbreviation
CRF or Continuous Reinforcement Schedule is ✔✔1 : 1 ratio of correct behavior to reward, used when first teaching a behavior
FR or Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule is ✔✔1 : X ratio of correct behavior to reward requires a set of responses to earn a reward, often accompanied by a Post Reinforcement Pause
Post Reinforcement Pause follows reinforcement in _____ schedule ✔✔Fixed Ratio (FR) reinforcement
Post Reinforcement Pause definition ✔✔the dip in performance before the next set of responses
VR or Variable Ratio Schedule is ✔✔when the # of correct responses necessary for reinforcement varies and is not set, AKA Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule
The best reinforcement schedule to maintain behavior over time ✔✔Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule is (best/worst) for maintaining behavior over time?
