COMUN 2022 STUDY GUIDE, Study notes of Acting

Download COMUN 2022 STUDY GUIDE and more Study notes Acting in PDF only on Docsity!

COMUN 2022

STUDY GUIDE - Futuristic Security Council

Message from the Chairs This year, the Security Council is being administered as a crisis committee hence now being referred to as the Futuristic Security Council (FSC). A crisis committee is a decision making body that has more power than a traditional committee. Whilst General Assemblies recommend and build consensus, focusing on creating and refining frameworks for the nation's party to align their actions, crisis committees produce action. Crisis is also more dynamic and fast-paced than traditional committees, so each delegate is incredibly influential. In your preparation, it is helpful to understand the committee’s basic history and scope of power, as found in the background guide. We believe FSC acting as a small committee ensures delegates feel comfortable immersing themselves in a competitive but supportive environment that encourages trial by error and participation. Furthermore, we (Head Table) are extremely excited to work with you in committee to equip the next generation of students with the skills to tackle complex global problems. With this said, MUN is only meaningful when delegates are thoroughly prepared. To aid in your research preparation, your Head Table has spent hours (not even exaggerating) researching, writing, and editing this Background Guide. The Background Guide serves as an introduction to your respective committee and an overview of the topics that you will be debating over the course of the practice debates and conference. The Background Guide is intended to be a starting point for your research and is not, in itself, an adequate exposure to the complexities of your committee’s topics. To be prepared, each delegate should do further research and focus on processing information through the lens of their respective country or position. This year, all delegates are expected to write a brief press release rather than the usual Foreign policy statement before the conference to synthesize all of their preparatory research and analysis. Please see the Press Release guidelines provided below for specific information about content, format, etc. Please keep in mind that delegates who do not submit their Press Release will not be eligible for awards. Good luck and all the best with research!! Yours Sincerely, Head Table of the FSC

Resolution, Amendments and Voting The structure of discussing Resolutions, Amendments and Resolution & Open debate and Voting Procedures will remain the same as a non-crisis committee. Veto Power The Security Council is known for the Veto Power that the 5 main countries of the UN obtain along with their seat in the security council. This will also apply to the FSC when running committees this year. However, for the second practise debate (The Separation of the United States), the two delegates who are representing either the Confederation of America or the Democratic Federation of America will receive Veto powers. This would mean that there will be 6 “countries” obtaining Veto Power within the FSC and can therefore veto any resolution. Additionally, in order to elevate tension and fruitful debate in committee, the Head Table has decided to give the nation of India veto powers specifically for conference (The Second Cold War).

Press Release This year at the Futuristic Security Council the traditional Foreign Policy Statement will be replaced by a Press Release. As usual the delegates will be provided a deadline on/before which the press release will have to be submitted. Delegates are expected to describe their government’s policy on the crisis through the Press Release. As opposed to the traditional FPS, delegates will not be restricted to a particular structure and will have the freedom to express the policy in a creative manner. However, it should be noted that a Press Release will have a word limit of 750 words. Structure:

1. The delegates are expected to divide the press release into 2 paragraphs: a. The first paragraph will deal with the current policy of the country on crisis content. This would essentially revolve around “condemning”, “encouraging” and “commending” the actions of the entities involved in the crisis while providing reasoning for the policy through factors such as pre-existing international agreements, trade deals, treaties, etc. b. The second paragraph would deal with what the country expects to do in the future with regards to the crisis. This revolves around the future plans of the country and solutions that the country plans on implementing in the future to solve the crisis. It is important that the delegates keep in mind that these solutions fall in line with the current foreign policy of the country and are merely proposed solutions. This would mean that such solutions would not affect the situational report and updates. * This is just a guideline provided for the delegates and is in no way a fixed structure. Delegates are open to changing the structure in an appropriate way. It is even possible for the delegates to attach diagrams and pictures for a better illustration of their policy. The main purpose of the Press Release is to provide the delegates with a foundation for their actions during the crisis. It needs to be noted that the delegates cannot make statements or propose directives during committee that contradict their policy on the press release.

Practice Debate 1 Situation in the South China Sea (2023) Overview China's broad claims to sovereignty over the sea—and its estimated 11 billion barrels of undeveloped oil and 190 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered natural gas—have enraged rival claimants Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Countries began claiming islands and zones in the South China Sea as early as the 1970s, such as the Spratly Islands, which have abundant natural resources and fishing grounds. Foreign military are not permitted to perform intelligence-gathering activities, such as reconnaissance flights, in China's exclusive economic zone, according to Chinese legislation (EEZ). Claimant countries, according to the United States,The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) states that EEZs in the sea should enjoy freedom of navigation and that claimants should not be notified of military activity. In July 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague handed down its decision on a UNCLOS claim brought by the Philippines against China, ruling in the Philippines' favor on practically every point. Despite the fact that China is a signatory to the treaty that established the tribunal, it refuses to acknowledge its jurisdiction. Satellite photography has revealed China's growing efforts to reclaim territory in the South China Sea by physically enlarging islands or building new islands entirely in recent years. China has built ports, military buildings, and airstrips, in addition to pouring sand onto existing reefs, particularly in the Paracel and Spratly Islands, where it has twenty and seven outposts, respectively. Woody Island has been militarized by China, which has deployed fighter jets, cruise missiles, and a radar system. To safeguard its political, security, and economic interests in the region, the US has conducted FONOPs and bolstered backing for Southeast Asian partners to counter China's assertive territorial claims and land reclamation initiatives. In retaliation for China's strong presence in the disputed zone.To boost their maritime security capacity and deter Chinese aggression, Japan has sold military ships and equipment to the Philippines and Vietnam.

and Taiwan. The government of China denied all such accusations and refused to make any further statement on the matter. 12th March 2023 The government of USA in a press release admitted to conducting a joint investigation with the United Kingdom (MI6) and India (RAW) where it was confirmed that the content provided in the documents containing China's intentions are true. The government of China still remains to make a statement on the matter. 15th March 2023 In retaliation, the government of India along with the United States of America, released a joint statement towards the People’s Republic of China expressing its intentions to counter-attack if any of its allies in the region are attacked. Unofficial reports from India have confirmed that the government of India intends to use its newly designed “Agni-5” missiles in retaliation if extremely necessary. In addition to this, the White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki confirmed that a naval fleet from Camp Lemonnier in Djibouti has been deployed to a US naval base in the Philippines (Subic Bay). The government of Russia, in an official statement has expressed its security concerns with regards to the chain of events unfolding in the South China Sea and has also condemned the actions of the USA in interfering with issues that they labelled as “domestic” to China. 16th March 2023 The Chinese government, in response to the naval fleet deployed by the USA, has released an official statement declaring that the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) navy will not allow any form of maritime transport to pass through the South China sea for a period of 1 week. The PLA plans to do this by placing a naval blockade as shown below:

China has also stated that any entity passing through its naval blockade without the approval of the PLA will be attacked by the PLA’s Navy. This action has been criticized by multiple governments around the world as the South China sea is an important trade route integral to the functioning of multiple businesses around the globe. As a result of this, the Futuristic Security Council convenes for an emergency meeting. Links a delegate may refer to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eqtl0ym1p http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/the-southchina-sea-looming-environmental-d isaster- 20099 Please note that delegates should come to a committee fully researched and equipped with prior context of the South China sea dispute and similar disputes that could be used in the case of precedent within the committee.

Situational Report 16th November 2028 - 31st December 2028 On 16th November 2028 democrats were announced as the winners of the 2028 Presidential Elections with AOC and Bernie Sanders being confirmed as the President and the Vice-President of the USA. It is also confirmed that they won a two thirds majority in the Senate and the House of Representatives. The conservatives accused the elections of being tampered with and thereby considered fraudulent. Calls for the secession of conservative States from the union were growing ever louder amongst the conservative population during this period. Protests erupt across the USA, mainly throughout the conservative states (which can be seen in the image attached below) , ensuing chaos and violence within the nation. During this period, the protests gradually turned into riots leading to damages to businesses and houses. There were frequent clashes between the supporters of the democratic party and the republican party, and by the 31st of December 2028, the US government recorded a total death count of 10,257. 2nd January 2029 Multiple reports of civilians who coincidentally happen to be residing in states considered to be majorly democratic were being admitted in hospitals for cases of “food poisoning” according to the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). 3rd January 2029 The DHHS records a total death count of approximately 1 million people across the states of California, New York, Pennsylvania, Washington, Nevada, New Jersey and Georgia. Considering all the casualties reported were coincidentally all from Democratic states, this tragic event is labelled as one of the greatest tragedies of The United States of America and will go down in history known as “The Poisoning of the Blue Wall”. 7th January 2029 Homeland Security along with DHHS officially confirm that the mass scale poisoning of the American civilians living in the above specified states was a result of the actions of a group identified as “The Union for Separation”. Homeland Security, further, stated that the group is funded by a group of people led by the owner of Walmart and Hobby Lobby. It was also stated that action would be taken against these companies and people responsible for “The Poisoning of the Blue Wall”. 10th January 2029 Sam Walton, the majority stakeholder and founder of Walmart is arrested and all his assets are seized.

12th January 2029 Rising tensions and the fear of a civil-war lead to Democrats agreeing to the peaceful partition of the United States. Officially on the 12th of January 2029, the nation found itself split into the Conservative - Confederation of America and the Liberal - Democratic Federation of America (as shown in the image attached below). 20th January 2029 The partition was made official through the “Treaty of Dubai”. This treaty was signed by the leadership of the Republican and Democratic parties in Dubai. AOC and Bernie Sanders remain to be the President and Vice President of the Democratic Federation of America (DFA). The republican party that is handed over control of the Confederation of American States announced that a new constitution will be created along with an election in the near future. The republican party also stated that Donald Trump will be the acting president of the Confederation of American States (CAS) until the elections. In addition, a joint press release by CAS and DFA has outlined that the DFA will retain the branches of the National Guard in its states while the CAS will also retain the branches of the national guard belonging to its states. The joint press release also noted that the entirety of the US Armed forces will be retained by the DFA. This means that all American troops abroad along with all military, naval and air bases will be regarded as the Armed Forces of the DFA (previously known as the Armed Forces of the US), as at 20th January 2029.

Conference The Second World War Overview The First Cold War lasted 44 years, from 1947 to 1991. During this time humans came to the conclusion that the liquidation of humanity itself was brought up by the same Humanity. The Cold War protagonists were the United States and the Soviet Union. Where the Soviets were trying to spread communism in Europe to protect themselves from Germany, while the United States was trying to stop these communist actions, which would tear their economy apart. This war never came to the use of atomic bombs, but the fear of those really changed things. In 2027, Scotland exited the United Kingdom and applied to rejoin the EU after a controversial and highly politicised referendum. Scotland's secession from the United Kingdom was mainly due to propaganda that the UK highly suffered from its Brexit decision and since Scotland had voted to stay in the European Union, their secession from the UK was justified. In 2029, North Korea and South Korea finally united after almost 3 years of discussions due to the widespread hunger and famine across the population of North Korea. After the WHO (an organ under the UN) deemed the situation in North Korea a “humanitarian crisis”, immense pressure was implemented on North Korean officials to convene with the government of South Korea to immediately devise a solution. This resulted in the two nations combining and thereafter being known as the nation of “Korea''. Keeping in mind that North Korea has a great military, while South Korea has a great Economy and Administration, one may also suggest whether the purpose of the union was to become a more stable nation and start the path to become a World Power. Bak Hong-Jip from the liberal democratic party of South Korea was elected the first prime minister of United Korea. The Republic of Egypt took control by force of Nigeria’s land, becoming The Holy Republic of Egypt. In 2028, these nations merged by force and are now a single state in the African Continent. The Republic of Egypt performed this action to take control of Nigeria's Plutonium and started researching the Development of Nuclear- VI weapons. The possibility of the use of Nuclear-VI Missiles brought the world's attention. If used by many people and even some complete countries could be banished from the earth’s surface. Nuclear-VI Missiles have a blast range of 50 km2, and have the power to kill 500,000 people. This weapon and the possibility of it being used brought fear worldwide.

The nation of Venezuela in 2028, following a series of massive protests against the government, voted in favor of a new president. Leopoldo Marquez of the Accion Democratica party won with an overwhelming majority, with the people of Venezuela hoping for a brighter and more prosperous future.

A week later, further leaked photographs show the Chinese president leaving. The government of Venezuela on the same day confirms the Chinese president’s visit to Venezuela. Following this, the US government releases a statement criticizing the government of Venezuela for their lack of transparency and expresses their security concerns with regards to the visit. 14th October 2031 At approximately 8:30am, It is formally announced by the Venezuelan press secretary that the Venezuelan President has been assassinated and released a press statement confirming the death of their president Leopoldo Marquez following a series of unofficial reports that claimed that the leader of Venezuela was shot during the tour of a construction project. In a huge turn of events, the United States government confirms that the assassination was carried out by the CIA and that it was due to credible evidence that they received about a possible attack on US soil by the military of Venezuela. Details about the suspected attack are not revealed. However, unofficial reports claim that the Chinese president’s visit to Venezuela was regarding a potential attack on Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba. Shortly following this, a series of explosions is recorded in the Venezuelan Ministry of Defense, Central Bank, and the Palacio de Miraflores (the official residence of the Venezuelan President). The Venezuelan press secretary confirms the explosions. The official numbers of deaths resulting from the explosion are not confirmed. However, unofficial reports claim that around 100 deaths along with 500+ casualties have been recorded. 18th October 2031 The US government in a press release claims responsibility for the explosions and states that the attacks along with the assasination was carried out under the supervision of the US military. The statement further highlights that the attacks were carried out in response to the planned attack on US soil. The press release also confirms that the unofficial reports on an attack on the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base are true. The Venezuelan government confirms that the total death count from the explosions stands at 102 and it includes the deaths of multiple high ranking officials from the Venezuelan government.

A further update from the Venezuelan government confirmed that the Minister of Defense and Minister of Finance (President of the Central Bank of Venezuela) were among the deceased. The Chinese government in a press release expressed their anger at the assassination of the Venezuelan president and called upon the international community to hold the government of US accountable to their actions. In addition, the press release also stated that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) are intending on placing sanctions on the United States as a retaliatory action. The governments of UK, France, Korea and Japan in a joint statement expressed their support to the US in the matter. 20th November 2031 The nation of China begins to undergo construction of a military base in the nation of Catalonia. A few days later, the Chinese minister Wei Fenghe announced in a press conference that the nation of China has developed a hypersonic missile. Rumors of the quality of the missile suggest that it has the capacity to travel all the way to the United States of America, which has raised alarm to US government officials and seen as an act of intimidation on China’s part. After the annual security council meeting, the Security council finalizes and approves a resolution allowing the nation of India to be recognized as one of the countries that obtain Veto Power. 1st January 2032 Scotland’s application to join the European Union is approved and they are hereby recognized as a member of the EU. 1st February 2032 The nation of China places sanctions on electrical machinery (which is the USA’s main imports within their trade agreements with China) as well as sanctions on 2 US government officials (The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and Director of National Intelligence) and multiple other business personalities. The Chinese government releases a statement declaring that the reasonings of these sanctions revolve around the assasination of the Venezuelan president since the nation of China recognizes Venezuela as a strong ally.