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THE TRADE UNIONS ACT, 1926
(Modified as on 19th^ November, 2018)
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY SECTIONS
- Short title, extent and commencement.
- Definitions. CHAPTER II REGISTRATION OF TRADE UNIONS
- Appointment of Registrars.
- Mode of registration.
- Application for registration.
- Provisions to be contained in the rules of a Trade Union.
- Power to call for further particulars and to require alteration of name.
- Registration.
- Certificate of registration.
- Cancellation of registration.
- Appeal.
- Registered office.
- Incorporation of registered Trade Unions.
- Certain Acts not to apply to registered Trade Unions. CHAPTER III RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF REGISTERED TRADE UNIONS
- Objects on which general funds may be spent.
- Constitution of a separate fund for political purposes.
- Criminal conspiracy in trade disputes.
- Immunity from civil suit in certain cases.
- Enforceability of agreements.
- Right to inspect books of Trade Union.
- Rights of minors to membership of Trade Unions. 21A. Disqualifications of office-bearers of Trade Unions.
- Proportion of office-bearers to be connected with the industry.
- Change of name.
- Amalgamation of Trade Unions.
- Notice of change of name or amalgamation.
SECTIONS
- Effects of change of name and of amalgamation.
- Dissolution.
- Returns. CHAPTER IV REGULATIONS
- Power to make regulations.
- Publication of regulations. CHAPTER V PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE
- Failure to submit returns.
- Supplying false information regarding Trade Unions.
- Cognizance of offences.
( g ) “trade dispute” means any dispute between employers and workmen or between workmen and workmen, or between employers and employers which is connected with the employment or non-employment, or the terms of employment or the conditions of labour, of any person, and “workmen” means all persons employed in trade or industry whether or not in the employment of the employer with whom the trade dispute arises; and ( h ) “Trade Union” means any combination, whether temporary or permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workmen and employers or between workmen and workmen, or between employers and employers, or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business, and includes any federation of two or more Trade Unions: Provided that this Act shall not affect— ( i ) any agreement between partners as to their own business; ( ii ) any agreement between an employer and those employed by him as to such employment; or ( iii ) any agreement in consideration of the sale of the goodwill of a business or of instruction in any profession, trade or handicraft. CHAPTER II REGISTRATION OF TRADE UNIONS
3. Appointment of Registrars .—^1 [( 1 )] 2 [The appropriate Government] shall appoint a person to be be the Registrar of Trade Unions for 3 [each State]. (^4) [( 2 ) The appropriate Government may appoint as many Additional and Deputy Registrars of Trade Unions as it thinks fit for the purpose of exercising and discharging, under the superintendence and direction of the Registrar, such powers and functions of the Registrar under this Act as it may, by order, specify and define the local limits within which any such Additional or Deputy Registrar shall exercise and discharge the powers and functions so specified. ( 3 ) Subject to the provisions of any order under sub-section ( 2 ), where an Additional or Deputy Registrar exercises and discharges the powers and functions of a Registrar in an area within which the registered office of a Trade Union is situated, the Additional or Deputy Registrar shall be deemed to be the Registrar in relation to the Trade Union for the purposes of this Act.] 4. Mode of registration .—^5 [( 1 )] Any seven or more members of a Trade Union may, by subscribing their names to the rules of the Trade Union and by otherwise complying with the provisions of this Act with respect to registration, apply for registration of the Trade Union under this Act. 6 [( 2 ) Where an application has been made under sub-section ( 1 ) for the registration of a Trade Union, such application shall not be deemed to have become invalid merely by reason of the fact that, at any time after the date of the application, but before the registration of the Trade Union, some of the applicants, but not exceeding half of the total number of persons who made the application, have ceased to be members of the Trade Union or have given notice in writing to the Registrar dissociating themselves from the applications.] 5. Application for registration .—( 1 ) Every application for registration of a Trade Union shall be made to the Registrar, and shall be accompanied by a copy of the rules of the Trade Union and a statement of the following particular’s, namely:—
- Section 3 renumbered as sub-section ( 1 ) thereof by Act 42 of 1960, s. 4.
- Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “Each L.G.”.
- Subs., ibid., for “the Province”.
- Ins. by Act 42 of 1960, s. 4.
- Section 4 renumbered as sub-section ( 1 ) thereof by s. 5, ibid.
- Ins. by s. 5, ibid.
( a ) the names, occupations and addresses of the members making the application; ( b ) the name of the Trade Union and the address of its head office; and ( c ) the titles, names, ages, addresses and occupations of the 1 [office-bearers] of the Trade Union. ( 2 ) Where a Trade Union has been in existence for more than one year before the making of an application for its registration, there shall be delivered to the Registrar, together with the application, a general statement of the assets and liabilities of the Trade Uni on prepared in such form and containing such particulars as may be prescribed.
6. Provisions to be contained in the rules of a Trade Union. — A Trade Union shall not be entitled to registration under this Act, unless the executive thereof is constituted in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and the rules thereof provide for the following matters, namely:— ( a ) the name of the Trade Union; ( b ) the whole of the objects for which the Trade Union has been established; ( c ) the whole of the purposes for which the general funds of the Trade Union shall be applicable, all of which purposes shall be purposes to which such funds are lawfully applicable under this Act; ( d ) the maintenance of a list of the members of the Trade Union and adequate facilities for the inspection thereof by the 1 [office-bearers] and members of the Trade Union; ( e ) the admission of ordinary members who shall be persons actually engaged or employed in an industry with which the Trade Union is connected, and also the admission of the number of honorary or temporary members as 1 [office-bearers] required under section 22 to form the executive of the Trade Union; (^2) [( ee ) the payment of a subscription by members of the Trade Union which shall be not less than twenty-five naye paise per month per member;] ( f ) the conditions under which any member shall be entitled to any bene fit assured by the rules and under which any fine or forfeiture may be imposed on the members; ( g ) the manner in which the rules shall be amended, varied or rescinded; ( h ) the manner in which the members of the executive and the other 1 [office-bearers] of the Trade Union shall be appointed and removed; ( i ) the safe custody of the funds of the Trade Union, an annual audit, in such manner as may be prescribed, of the accounts thereof, and adequate facilities for the inspection of the account books by the 1 [office-bearers] and members of the Trade Union; and ( j ) the manner in which the Trade Union may be dissolved. 7. Power to call for further particulars and to require alteration of name .—( 1 ) The Registrar may call for further information for the purpose of satisfying himself that any application complies with the provisions of section 5, or that the Trade Union is entitled to registration under section 6, and may refuse to register the Trade Union until such information is supplied. ( 2 ) If the name under which a Trade Union is proposed to be registered is identical with that by which any other existing Trade Union has been registered or, in the opinion of the Registrar, so nearly resembles such name as to be likely to deceive the public or the members of either Trade Union, the Registrar shall require the persons applying for registration to alter
- Subs. by Act 38 of 1964, s. 2, for “officers” (w.e.f. 1- 4 - 1965).
- Ins. by Act 42 of 1960, s. 6.
12. Registered office.— All communications and notices to a registered Trade Union may be addressed to its registered office. Notice of any change in the addr ess of the head office shall be given within fourteen days of such change to the Registrar in writing, and the changed address shall be recorded in the register referred to in section 8. 13. Incorporation of registered Trade Unions.— Every registered Trade Union shall be a corporate by the name under which it is registered, and shall have perpetual succession and a body common seal with power to acquire and hold both movable and immovable property and to contract, and shall by the said name sue and be sued. 14. Certain Acts not to apply to registered Trade Unions.— The following Acts, namely:— ( a ) The Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860), ( b ) The Co-operative Societies Act, 1912 (2 of 1912), (^1) * * * * * 2 [( e ) The Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956),] shall not apply to any registered Trade Union, and the registration of any such Trade Union under any such Act shall be void. CHAPTER III RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF REGISTERED TRADE UNIONS 15. Objects on which general funds may be spent .—The general funds of a registered Trade Union shall not be spent on any other objects than the following, namely:— ( a ) the payment of salaries, allowances and expenses to 3 [office-bearers] of the Trade Union; ( b ) the payment of expenses for the administration of the Trade Union, including audit of the accounts of the general funds of the Trade Union; ( c ) the prosecution or defence of any legal proceeding to which the Trade Union or any member thereof is a party, when such prosecution or defence is undertaken for the purpose of securing or protecting any rights of the Trade Union as such or any rights arising out of the relations of any member with his employer or with a person whom the member employs; ( d ) the conduct of trade disputes on behalf of the Trade Union or a ny member thereof; ( e ) the compensation of members for loss arising out of trade disputes; ( f ) allowances to members or their dependant on account of death, old age, sickness, accidents or unemployment of such members; ( g ) the issue of, or the undertaking of liability under, policies of assurance on the lives of members, or under policies insuring members against sickness, accident or unemployment; ( h ) the provision of educational, social or religious benefits for members (including the payment of the expenses of funeral or religious ceremonies for deceased members) or for the dependants of members;
- Clauses ( c ) and ( d ) rep. by Act 25 of 1942, s. 2 and the First Schedule.
- Subs. by Act 42 of 1960, s. 7, for clause ( e ).
- Subs. by Act 38 of 1964, s. 2, for “officers” (w.e.f. 1- 4 - 1965).
( i ) the upkeep of a periodical published mainly for the purpose of discussing questions affecting employers or workmen as such; ( j ) the payment, in furtherance of any of the objects on which the general funds of the Trade Union may be spent, of contributions to any cause intended to benefit workmen in general, provided that the expenditure in respect of such contributions in any financial year shall not at any time during that year be in excess of one-fourth of the combined total of the gross income which has up to that time accrued to the general funds of the Trade Union during that year and of the balance at the credit of those funds at the commencement of that year; and ( k ) subject to any conditions contained in the notification, any other object notified by the (^1) [appropriate Government] in the Official Gazette.
16. Constitution of a separate fund for political purposes .—( 1 ) A registered Trade Union may constitute a separate fund, from contributions separately levied for or made to that fund, from which payments may be made, for the promotion of the civic and political interests of its members, in furtherance of any of the objects specified in sub - section ( 2 ). ( 2 ) The objects referred to in sub-section ( 1 ) are:— ( a ) the payment of any expenses incurred, either directly or indirectly, by a candidate or prospective candidate for election as a member of any legislative body constituted under 2 [the Constitution] or of any local authority, before, during, or after the election in connection with his candidature or election; or ( b ) the holding of any meeting or the distribution of any literature or documents in support of any such candidate or prospective candidate; or ( c ) the maintenance of any person who is a member of any legislative body constituted under (^2) [the Constitution] or of any local authority; or ( d ) the registration of electors or the selection of a candidate for any legislative body constituted under 2 [the Constitution] or for any local authority; or ( e ) the holding of political meetings of any kind, or the distribution of political literature or political documents of any kind. (^3) [( 2A ) In its application to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, references in sub-section (2) to any legislative body constituted under the Constitution shall be construed as including references to the Legislature of that State.] ( 3 ) No member shall be compelled to contribute to the fund constituted under sub - section ( 1 ); and a member who does not contribute to the said fund shall not be excluded from any benefits of the Trade Union, or placed in any respect either directly or indirectly under any disability or at any disadvantage as compared with other members of the Trade Union (except in relation to the control or management of the said fund) by reason of his not contributing to the said fund; and contribution to the said fund shall not be made a condition for Admission to the Trade Union. 17. Criminal conspiracy in trade disputes .—No 4 [office-bearer] or member of a registered Trade Union shall be liable to punishment under sub-section (2) of section 120B of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), in respect of any agreement made between the members for the purpose of furthering any such object of the Trade Union as is specified in section 15, unless the agreement is an agreement to commit an offence.
- Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “G.G in C.”.
- The words “the Government of India Act” have been successively amended by the A.O. 1937, the A.O. 1950 and Act 42 of 1960 to read as above.
- Ins. by Act 51 of 1970, s. 2 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1 - 9 - 1971).
- Subs. by Act 38 of 1964, s. 2, for “officer” (w.e.f. 1- 4 - 1965).
Provided that the 2 [appropriate Government] may, by special or general order, declare that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any Trade Union or class of Trade Unions specified in th e order.
23. Change of name .—Any registered Trade Union may, with the consent of not less than two-thirds of the total number of its members and subject to the provisions of section 25, change its name. 24. Amalgamation of Trade Unions .—Any two or more registered Trade Unions may become amalgamated together as one Trade Union with or without dissolution or division of the funds of such Trade Unions or either or any of them, provided that the votes of at least one-half of the members of each or every such Trade Union entitled to vote are recorded, and that at least sixty per cent. of the votes recorded are in favour of the proposal. 25. Notice of change of name or amalgamation .—( 1 ) Notice in writing of every change of name and of every amalgamation, signed, in the case of a change of name, by the Secretary and by seven members of the Trade Union changing its name, and, in the case of an amalgamation, by the Secretary and by seven members of each and every Trade Union which is a party the reto, shall be sent to the Registrar, and where the head office of the amalgamated Trade Union is situated in a different State, to the Registrar of such State. ( 2 ) If the proposed name is identical with that by which any other existing Trade Union has bee n registered or, in the opinion of the Registrar, so nearly resembles such name as to be likely to deceive the public or the members of either Trade Union, the Registrar shall refuse to register the change of name. ( 3 ) Save as provided in sub-section ( 2 ), the Registrar shall, if he is satisfied that the provisions of this Act in respect of change of name have been complied with, register the change of name in the register referred to in section 8, and the change of name shall have effect from the date of such registration. ( 4 ) The Registrar of the State in which the head office of the amalgamated Trade Union is situated shall, if he is satisfied that the provisions of this Act in respect of amalgamation have been complied with and that the Trade Union formed thereby is entitled to registration under section 6, register the Trade Union in the manner provided in section 8, and the amalgamation shall have effect from the date of such registration. 26. Effects of change of name and of amalgamation .—( 1 ) The change in the name of a registered Trade Union shall not affect any rights or obligations of the Trade Union or render defective any legal proceeding by or against the Trade Union, and any legal proceeding which might have been continued or commenced by or against it by its former name may be continued or commenced by or against it by its new name. ( 2 ) An amalgamation of two or more registered Trade Unions shall not prejudice any right of any of such Trade Unions or any right of a creditor of any of them. 27. Dissolution .—( 1 ) When a registered Trade Union is dissolved, notice of the dissolution signed by seven members and by the Secretary of the Trade Union shall, within fourteen days of the dissolution, he sent to the Registrar, and shall be registered by him if he is satisfied that the dissolution has been effected in accordance with the rules of the Trade Union, and the dissolution shall have effect from the date of such registration. ( 2 ) Where the dissolution of a registered Trade Union has been registered and the rules of the Trade Union do not provide for the distribution of funds of the Trade Union on dissolution, the Registrar shall divide the funds amongst the members in such manner as may be prescribed.
- Subs. by Act 38 of 1964, s. 2, for “officers” (w.e.f. 1- 4 - 1965).
- Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “L.G.”.
28. Returns .—( 1 ) There shall be sent annually to the Registrar, on or before such date as may be prescribed, a general statement, audited in the prescribed manner, of all receipts and expenditure of every registered Trade Union during the year ending on the 31st day of 1 [December] next preceding such prescribed date, and of the assets and liabilities of the Trade Union existing on such 31st day of 1 [December]. The statement shall be prepared in such form and shall comprise such particulars as may be prescribed. ( 2 ) Together with the general statement there shall be sent to the Registrar a statement showing all changes of 2 [office-bearers] made by the Trade Union during the year to which the general statement refers, together also with a copy of the rules of the Trade Union corrected up to the date of the despatch thereof to the Registrar. ( 3 ) A copy of every alteration made in the rules of a registered Trade Union shall be sent to the Registrar within fifteen days of the making of the alteration. (^3) [( 4 ) For the purpose of examining the documents referred to in sub-sections ( 1 ), ( 2 ) and ( 3 ), the Registrar, or any officer authorised by him, by general or special order, may at all reasonable times inspect the certificate of registration, account books, registers, and other documents, relating to a Trade Union, at its registered office or may require their production at such place as he may specify in this behalf, but no such place shall be at a distance of more than ten miles from the registered office of a Trade Union.] CHAPTER IV REGULATIONS 29. Power to make regulations .—( 1 ) 4 *** the 5 [appropriate Government] may make regulations for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act. ( 2 ) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such regulations may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:— ( a ) the manner in which Trade Unions and the rules of Trade Unions shall be registered and the fees payable on registration; ( b ) the transfer of registration in the case of any registered Trade Union which has changed its head office from one State to another; ( c ) the manner in which, and the qualifications of persons by whom, the accounts of registered Trade Unions or of any class of such Unions shall be audited; ( d ) the conditions subject to which inspection of documents kept by Registrars shall be allowed and the fees which shall be chargeable in respect of such inspections; and ( e ) any matte which is to be or may be prescribed. 30. Publication of regulations .—( 1 ) The power to make regulations conferred by section 29 is subject to the condition of the regulations being made after previous publication. ( 2 ) The date to be specified in accordance with clause ( 3 ) of section 23 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1897), as that after which a draft of regulations proposed to be made will be taken into consideration shall not be less than three months from the date on which the draft of the proposed regulations was published for general information. ( 3 ) Regulations so made shall be published in the Official Gazette, and on such publication shall have effect as if enacted in this Act.
- Subs. by Act 38 of 1964, s. 6, for “March” (w.e.f. 1- 4 - 1965).
- Subs. by s. 2, ibid ., for “officer” (w.e.f. 1- 4 - 1965).
- Ins. by Act 42 of 1960, s. 9.
- The words “Subject to the control of the G.G. in C. ” omitted by the A.O. 1937.
- Subs. ibid., for “L.G.”.
