Concise & Easy Learning Muscles Of The Human Body., Study notes of Anatomy

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CHAPTER 9 & 10

MUSCLE SYSTEM

IDENTIFICATION

Muscle Identification Lecture Notes:

A. Skeletal muscles produce movement by pulling on insertion bones across joints.

B. Bones serve as levers and joints as fulcrums of these levers.

C. Muscles that move a body part usually do not lie over that part, but proximal to it.

E. Hints on how to deduce actions:

1. Start by making yourself familiar with the names, shapes, and general locations of the larger muscles.
   2. Try to deduce which bones the two ends of a muscle attach to from your knowledge of the shape and general location of the muscle.
      3. Make a guess as to which bones moves when the muscle shortens.

a. insertion--the bone that is moved by the muscle

b. origin-- the bone that remains relatively stationary is its origin.

4. Deduce a muscle's actions by applying the principle that its insertion moves toward its origin.
   5. To deduce which muscle produces a given action, start by inferring which is the insertion bone.

g. depressors --lower a part

h. sphincters-- reduce the size of an opening

i. tensors-- tense a part, that is, make it more rigid

j. supinators-- turn the hand palm upward

k. pronators -- turn the hand palm downward

2. direction of its fibers

a. transverse b. oblique c. rectus

3. location a. frontalis b. temporalis

Frontalis Orbicularis oculi

Nasalis

Orbicularis oris

Buccinator

Masseter

Epicranial aponeurosis

Occipitalis

Trapezius

Temporalis

Sternocleidomastoid

Zygomaticus

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Deltoid

Pectoralis major

Serratus anterior Latissimus dorsi

Internal oblique

External oblique Transverse abdominis

Abdominal aponeurosis (^) Rectus abdominis

Linea alba

Biceps brachii

Brachioradialis

Triceps brachii Brachialis Pronator teres

Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi radialis

Deltoid

Triceps brachii

Brachialis

Biceps brachii

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor digiorum

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Anconeus

Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Tensor fasciae latae

Biceps femoris

Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Gracillis

Adductor magnus

Achilles tendon

hamstrings

adductors quadriceps Rectus femoris Vastus laterialis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius

Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis

3 major muscle

groups of the thigh

anterior

lateral

Left thigh

Hamstrings:

Biceps femoris Origin:___ischium & femur__________________ Insertion:___fibula and tibia________________ Action:__extends thigh & flexes knee_______

Semitendinosus Origin:__ischium_____________________________ Insertion:__tibia______________________________ Action:__extends thigh & flexes knee________

Semimembranosus Origin:__ischium_____________________________ Insertion:__tibia______________________________ Action:__extends thigh & flexes knee________

Quadriceps: Rectus Femoris Origin:___iliac__________________________________ Insertion:__patella & tibia_____________________ Action:__extends knee & flexes thigh_________ Vastus lateralis Origin:___femur_________________________________ Insertion:__patella & tibia_____________________ Action:__extends knee & flexes thigh_________ Vastus medialis Origin:___femur_________________________________ Insertion:__patella & tibia_____________________ Action:__extends knee & flexes thigh_________ Vastus intermedius Origin:___femur_________________________________ Insertion:__patella & tibia_____________________ Action:__extends knee & flexes thigh_________