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A study that explores the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, stigma, and quality of life in epileptic patients. The findings suggest that metacognitive beliefs, particularly cognitive confidence, are significant predictors of quality of life. The study also highlights the impact of sex and marital status on metacognitive beliefs and quality of life. Hypotheses and methods used in the study, including the use of the meta-cognition questionnaire (mcq-30) and kilifi stigma scale of epilepsy (ksse).
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The findings of this present study provide evidence that dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs are significantly associated with Stigma, Quality of life and mental health of epileptic patients. Seizure plays an important role in mental conditions and impacts patients’ quality of life similar to several previous studies, the findings of the present study demonstrated that the metacognitive beliefs level among generalized epileptic and partial epileptic patients were significantly high as compared to normal control. It was seen that the epileptic patients were worried and felt out of control and in danger. As a result of increasing seizure, generalized epileptic patients can feel that they have lost control and strong negative belie. Stigma is major symptoms of epilepsy in developing countries. Present study highlighted the evaluation of perceived stigma, and was higher in generalized epileptic patient. This study supports previous study carried out elsewhere that epileptic patients have a common problem with perceived stigma. From the finding of this study, it appear that generalized epileptic patients have lower Quality of life compared with the partial epileptic and healthy person, so it seems that epilepsy disease has an important role in Quality of life of patients. However, this finding supported the early researches that multiple factors affect the quality of life among patients with epilepsy, which leads to emotional, physical, psychological, social and cognitive effects. The findings of present research revealed high rate of somatic symptom, anxiety/insomnia, depression and social dysfunction in generalized epileptic in addition having generalize epilepsy can lead to a new onset of depression and insomnia. Apart from the stress associated with chronic illness in general, patient with epilepsy experience a great deal of anxiety and depression about onset of seizures and
a sense of helplessness of being unable to control them of their own. Seizures also have a significant impact on normal day to day activities such as activities of daily living (ADL), as well as important aspect of social life such as working, communicating and participating. These effects of seizure on daily life often constrain patients within generalized epilepsy to limit their day to day activities, leading to mental health problems. The data of this study suggest that there are significant differences between male and female participants in anxiety thought. They have more metacognitive belief about uncontrollability of worry and believe that worry must be avoided. Female are more prone to anxiety and worry than male because of their thought control strategies and metacognitive belief, which lead them to emotional problem. Similar results have also come in relation to the marital status. The results showed that unmarried participants scored high on all dimension of metacognitive belief as compared to married participants. Epilepsy is still plagued by myths and prejudice. The social exclusion aspects are frequently found in unmarried epileptic patients living in Indian culture. People still have a negative attitude toward unmarried epileptic patients when it begins in first decade of life. This attitude of Indian society shows that married epileptic person have more chances of divorce, due to this thinking, the rate of score on metacognitive belief is found higher in unmarried epileptic patients. It is clearly visible from the results that the duration of illness has had an impact of metacognitive belief and quality of life only in a limited number of dimensions. A patient of epilepsy, whether it is of short duration or of longer duration, perceives his/her illness in the same way, because having epilepsy only brings him under stress and poor quality of life. Most patients with epilepsy experience some
metacognitive belief and stigma as a predictor variable and quality of life as a criterion variable. Analysis indicates that cognitive confidence was emerged as the best predictor of quality of life followed by stigma, positive belief, positive belief and total MCQ. These finding suggest that with increase in level of metacognition, the quality of life in epileptic patients is deteriorated. Further regression analysis was also computed to find out the role of different domain of meta-cognitive belief in determining the mental health of epileptic patients. In that case need to control thought, cognitive self-consciousness and cognitive confidence were more important predictors of somatic symptoms in epileptic patients. Study also suggested that different domain of metacognition plays an important role in enhancing insomnia and anxiety in epileptic patients. Female and unmarried participants showed higher level of seizure worry and medication effects but lower level of overall quality of life, emotional wellbeing, energy, cognitive functioning and social functioning. In context of male and married participants it was reversed. Objectives
The following hypotheses were proposed:
The study was carried out with 200 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and 100 normal people age ranged 18-60 years (mean age=30.09, SD=8.00) by using the purposive sampling. The epileptic patients have been taken from department of neurology, S.S. Hospital, B.H.U. Varanasi and Care hospital DLW Bhikharipur, Galaxy hospital Mahmoorgunj, Tripathi neurocare Tulsipur, Varanasi All patients were interviewed for demographic (age, sex, Marital status) and clinical (disease