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Biology Praxis Exam Study Questions And Answers 100% Verified Review A+
A researcher hypothesizes that lectures do not convey information as well as written passages in a textbook do. The researcher separates 48 college freshman volunteers into two groups of 24, with an equal number of males and females in each group. One group hears a passage repeated three times over a two‑minute period. The second group reads the same passage for two minutes. All test subjects are then asked to write down as much as they remember of the passage. Which of the following is the independent variable in the experiment? - ANS-✔✔The method by which the passage is presented to the test subjects
Human skin color, height, and weight depend on the interaction of the products of multiple genes. These and other polygenic traits typically exhibit - ANS-✔✔continuous variation
Which of the following properties of water is responsible for the solubility of many molecules in aqueous fluids such as blood and urine? - ANS-✔✔The polarity of water molecules
Which of the following correctly matches a phylum with the most common mode of excretion by organisms in the phylum? - ANS-✔✔Annelida.. metanephridia
Which of the following is the best example of habitat fragmentation? - ANS-✔✔Building a highway though a forest
Which of the following best explains why the body makes a more rapid and stronger response to an infecting pathogen after vaccination against the pathogen? - ANS-✔✔Memory lymphocytes made in response to the vaccination are activated.
Which of the following enzyme types is most likely responsible for the cleavage of the plasmid shown above? - ANS-✔✔Restriction endonuclease
To study the inheritance of wing size in fruit flies, true-breeding female flies with large wings were crossed with male flies with miniature wings (Cross 1). The F1 progeny were then crossed. The reciprocal parental cross (Cross 2) was also performed, and the F1 progeny were crossed. The crosses and the
results are summarized in the table above. Based on the data, which TWO of the following statements are most likely correct? - ANS-✔✔1.The gene for wing size is sex-linked.
- The allele for miniature wings is recessive to the allele for large wings.
Scientists predict that a particular coastal village in Alaska will be underwater by the year 2025. Which of the following is most likely contributing to the submergence of the village? - ANS-✔✔Global climate change is thinning Arctic sea ice and raising sea levels
Which of the following plant structures most likely contains sclerenchyma cells? - ANS-✔✔The pericarp of a hazelnut
Which of the following best describes scientific evidence? - ANS-✔✔It can be used to support or reject a hypothesis.
A scientist examining fossils of small rodents at a particular location found fossils of one species in a deep stratum and found fossils of a similar but distinct more recent species in the stratum immediately above. Fossils of transitional organisms were not found. Of the following, which is the best explanation of the observed distribution of fossils in the strata? - ANS-✔✔There was a brief and rapid time of evolutionary change in the older species, so few fossils of transitional organisms exist.
The graph above shows the population sizes of two species of rodents‚ R and S‚ in a particular area over time. At the point indicated by the arrow‚ 500 individuals of species S were released into the area. Population sizes of the two species were monitored over the next 20 years. Based on the data‚ which of the following conclusions is most likely correct about the two rodent species in the area? - ANS-✔✔ Species R and S occupy different niches.
The molecules of electron transport chains are found in which of the labeled locations of the organelle represented above? - ANS-✔✔C
Removal of dead underbrush
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 →→ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
Shown above is the summary equation for aerobic cellular respiration. Which of the following indicates the molecule that is oxidized and the molecule that is reduced as the process proceeds? - ANS-✔✔ C6H12O6 O
A male mouse with black fur and a short tail mates with a female mouse that has brown fur and a long tail. The offspring include pups that resemble the parents, as well as some that are brown with short tails and black with long tails. The appearance in the pups of these two phenotypes that differ from the parental phenotypes is best explained by which of the following? - ANS-✔✔The principle of independent assortment
Which of the following human activities has been responsible for adding the greatest amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere over the last 300 years? - ANS-✔✔Increased combustion of fossil fuels for energy needs
Which of the following best explains why the pyramid of biomass for many lake ecosystems is inverted?
- ANS-✔✔The primary producers both reproduce and are eaten rapidly by primary consumers, so the primary producers do not accumulate in large numbers.
Which of the following is the sexually mature, diploid structure of flowering plants? - ANS-✔✔ Sporophyte
Which of the following substances should be added to an acid spilled on a lab bench in order to safely neutralize the acid before cleaning up the spill? - ANS-✔✔Sodium bicarbonate
Interphase is the part of the cell cycle that includes which of the following? - ANS-✔✔Replication of DNA
A difference in which of the following is most likely to be a prezygotic barrier to successful hybridization between two species? - ANS-✔✔Acrosomal proteins
Which of the following events most directly addressed the protection of habitats and of threatened wildlife throughout the United States? - ANS-✔✔Passing of the Endangered Species Act of 1973
Of the following, which is most likely defective in a person who is not getting enough oxygen delivered to his or her tissues? - ANS-✔✔Hemoglobin
The human population on Earth has grown from an estimated one billion individuals in 1800 to over seven billion individuals. Which of the following best describes human population growth since 1800? - ANS-✔✔The growth rate is exponential.
A student uses stationary fans to investigate the effect of wind on water loss by plants. The student divides the plants into four treatment groups and places each group in front of a fan. The student sets the fan for each group to one of four different levels: low, medium, high, or OFF. After 24 hours, the student determines the amount of water that was lost by the plants. To create a bar graph of the results, the student should make the height of each bar represent which of the following? - ANS-✔✔ The average water loss for each treatment group
Which of the following structures is typically found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells? - ANS- ✔✔Mitochondrion
Biopsies of malignant tumors often include a karyotype, and the results sometimes reveal a chromosomal translocation. Which of the following best explains why translocations can cause cancer? - ANS-✔✔Translocations can result in the coding sequence of a gene being adjacent to the regulatory sequence of a different gene.
Which of the following is most responsible for the movement of water up the stems of tall plants? - ANS-✔✔Hydrogen bonding between water molecules
Which of the following occurs during the processing of a eukaryotic pre-mRNA molecule - ANS-✔✔The pre-mRNA is cleaved at its 3'3' end, and approximately 200 AMPs are added to the cleaved end.
Contains vascular tissue
Produces flagellated sperm
Produces spores but not seeds
Has separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with a dominant sporophyte generation
The characteristics of plant X are listed above. Plant X most likely belongs to which of the following taxa?
When initially placing a slide on a light microscope's stage, which of the following is the correct position of the microscope's stage and the correct magnification? - ANS-✔✔Stage position: Low
Magnification: High
Which of the following represents the largest carbon sink on Earth? - ANS-✔✔Oceans
Which of the following is most likely to cause a species to become extinct in an environment undergoing change? - ANS-✔✔Low genetic diversity
Hormone H binds to both liver and lung cells. It causes liver cells to release glucose but does not cause any response by lung cells. Of the following, which is the most likely explanation? - ANS-✔✔Hormone H binding activates a glucose transporter gene‑specific transcription factor in liver cells but not in lung cells.
An autocrine hormone secreted by particular cells of an animal acts on which of the following? - ANS-✔ ✔The same cells by which the hormone was secreted
A solution for an experiment requires 29.5 g of NaCl. The following items are available for use in the preparation of the solution: a stock bottle of NaCl‚ a 1 L Erlenmeyer flask‚ a weigh boat‚ a digital balance,
and a scoop. Which of the following is the most accurate way to prepare the solution, using only the items available? - ANS-✔✔Place the weigh boat on the balance →→ tare the balance →→ use the scoop to add NaCl to the weigh boat
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation is most useful for which of the following? - ANS-✔✔ Calculating the frequency of a harmful allele in a population
The graph above shows the population size of chipmunks over time in a particular forest. An abiotic factor that could have resulted in the data at the bracketed portion of the graph is most likely which of the following? - ANS-✔✔An outbreak of a forest fire
Genes are located on which of the following? - ANS-✔✔Chromosome
Which of the following best indicates the modes of digestion typically used by most heterotrophic protists and animals? - ANS-✔✔Heterotrophic Protists: Intracellular
Animals: Extracellular
Hillside agricultural practices such as terracing crops and planting crops in a contour pattern are primarily designed to limit the occurrence of which of the following? - ANS-✔✔Soil Erosion
Which TWO of the following pose the greatest obstacle to the random passive diffusion of ions across the plasma membrane of a cell? - ANS-✔✔The hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane's lipid bilayer
The large size of ions that are hydrated by water molecules
Which of the following mutations in the genome of a fertilized ovum is likely to have the most deleterious effect on the early development of an embryo? - ANS-✔✔A point mutation in a gene encoding a ribosomal RNA
Which of the following is generally true of ovum production in women? - ANS-✔✔Oogenesis results in one large ovum and three small polar bodies.
Of the following biomes‚ which is best characterized by a consistent climate‚ nutrient‑poor soil‚ and high biodiversity? - ANS-✔✔Tropical rain forest
The ecological footprint of a country is a measure of the - ANS-✔✔amount of productive land and sea required to supply the needs of the entire population
A particular anticancer drug binds to microtubules‚ preventing disassembly of microtubules into individual tubulin dimers. Based on this information, treatment with the drug most likely leads to the death of rapidly dividing cancer cells by interfering with which of the following processes? - ANS-✔✔ Mitotic spindle formation and function
In which of the following populations is genetic drift likely to have the greatest effect on the gene pool?
- ANS-✔✔A small population of tortoises on an island in the Pacific Ocean
Which of the following is the best way to assess the validity of an experiment? - ANS-✔✔ Reproducibility of the results
Which of the following is a typical characteristic of vertebrates that reproduce through external fertilization? - ANS-✔✔They release a large number of gametes at once.
Which of the following best explains why the amount of available energy is reduced with increasing trophic levels in an energy pyramid? - ANS-✔✔Energy is lost as heat by organisms at each trophic level.
Predictive testing is used to determine whether an individual has a predisposition for the onset of a particular disorder as a result of a genetic mutation. Predictive testing is generally performed when familial linkage for a disorder is suspected. Which TWO of the following are most likely to be ethical issues related to predictive testing? - ANS-✔✔Privacy violations resulting from information obtained through predictive testing
Differential health insurance costs based on predictive testing results
Gel electrophoresis of DNA is best used for which of the following applications? - ANS-✔✔Separating DNA fragments by size
Convergent evolution is best represented by which of the following? - ANS-✔✔The streamlined body plan of dolphins and swordfish
In the phylogenetic scheme shown‚ the clade marked by the arrow most likely represents which of the following taxa? - ANS-✔✔Archaea
Which of the following terms collectively describes the interacting turtles‚ fish‚ insects‚ frogs, birds, and water plants that live in and around the same pond? - ANS-✔✔A community
Based on the data graphed above‚ which of the following statements is correct? - ANS-✔✔The graph represents data that may allow scientists to propose a theory.
Which of the following occurs as a part of the noncyclic photophosphorylation pathway of photosynthesis? - ANS-✔✔Water is split to two electrons, two protons, and an oxygen atom.
In corn, the allele for purple kernel color is dominant over the allele for yellow kernel color. A purple kernel is planted, and the resulting plant is pollinated from a pure-breeding plant with yellow kernels. If the purple kernel is heterozygous, the phenotype ratio of the progeny is expected to be approximately - ANS-✔✔1 purple : 1 yellow
Which of the following shows the correct route for the movement of water into a root of a plant? - ANS- ✔✔Root epidermis → → cortex → → endodermis → → pericycle → → xylem
As the levels of carbon dioxide rise in Earth's atmosphere, which of the following is the most likely consequence? - ANS-✔✔Trapping by greenhouse gases of the heat energy emitted by Earth's surface will increase, contributing to global warming.
Which TWO of the following are typical characteristics of monocots but not of eudicots? - ANS-✔✔ Leaves with parallel venation
Adventitious roots
The yucca plant cannot be pollinated and produce seeds without the presence of a small white moth called a yucca moth. The yucca moth in turn is entirely dependent on the yucca plant for its own reproduction. The interdependence of the plant and the moth exemplifies - ANS-✔✔coevolution
Nuclear envelope breakdown and chromosome attachment to spindle fibers is completed during which of the following stages of mitosis? - ANS-✔✔Prometaphase
Lactated Ringer's is a salt solution that is used by physicians and veterinarians to restore fluid levels in the body in instances of injury or illness. A 500 mL preparation of Lactated Ringer's includes 3 g of NaCl. If the formula weight of NaCl is 58.44, the molarity of NaCl in Lactated Ringer's is approximately - ANS- ✔✔0.1 M
Trisomy can cause conditions such as Down syndrome because the individual's cells - ANS-✔✔have an additional chromosome
Some vascular plants produce defensive chemicals, such as nicotine and tannins, that deter herbivores. These chemicals are primarily stored in which of the following components of plant cells? - ANS-✔✔ Vacuole
Studies of a particular lake revealed that for 3,000 to 4,000 years after the last glaciation material was deposited into the lake at a high rate. Then followed a long period during which the rate of deposition slowed to about one‑tenth of the previous rate. In the late 1800s the deposition rate increased to about
100 times the intermediate rate. Which of the following most likely explains the large increase in deposition into the lake in the late 1800s? - ANS-✔✔Human disturbances in the land surrounding the lake resulted in an increase of material flowing into the lake.
Which of the following best explains why silent mutations in the coding region of a gene do not change the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene? - ANS-✔✔Most amino acids are encoded by several codons that differ by only one nucleotide, so some mutations do not change the encoded amino acid.
The H+ concentration of a solution is 10-4 M. By how many times must the H+ concentration decrease for the solution to reach a pH of 7.0? - ANS-✔✔10^
X‑linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is an inherited recessive disorder caused by a mutation to a gene located on the X chromosome. X‑linked SCID is likely to occur most often in - ANS-✔ ✔males, because males have one X and one Y chromosome and therefore only require one mutated copy of the gene to exhibit the disease
Which of the following statements is most consistent with the survivorship curve shown for a population of soft‑shell clams (Mya arenaria)? - ANS-✔✔The M. arenaria population produced large numbers of fertilized eggs, but most did not result in organisms that survived past their first year.
Increases in which of the following have most contributed to the expansion of sand mining in the United States, especially in the upper Midwest, in recent years? - ANS-✔✔Hydraulic-fracturing operations
In humans, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the - ANS-✔✔venae cavae
The table above lists some of the atomic characteristics of the element carbon. Which of the following statements about carbon is most relevant to understanding its role in the biochemistry of living organisms? - ANS-✔✔Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to bond with up to four other atoms in a variety of configurations
Which of the following is true of peptide bond formation in a lengthening polypeptide? - ANS-✔✔As a peptide bond forms, the polypeptide is transferred from the peptidyl (P) site to the aminoacyl (A) site of the ribosome.
Which TWO of the following are most likely to alter the allele frequencies of a small population of organisms over a short time? - ANS-✔✔Death of some members of the population from a disease
An influx of individuals from an adjacent population
Which of the following situations is an example of primary ecological succession? - ANS-✔✔A lava flow from a vent on the ocean floor creates a new island. Over time, seeds and spores blown onto the island germinate, take root, and grow.
The graph above shows the shell lengths of green sea turtle hatchlings from nests in either black volcanic sand or white calcareous sand beaches on a tropical island. The incubation temperatures of the nests were recorded. The error bars represent standard error. Which of the following statements best summarizes the data? - ANS-✔✔Hatchling length decreased at higher temperatures in nests located in black sand or white sand.
As a result of bacterial conjugation, the recipient bacteria are most likely to - ANS-✔✔express a new phenotype
Which of the following best explains how insulin helps to regulate blood glucose levels in a healthy individual? - ANS-✔✔It causes the uptake and storage of excess glucose by cells of the body.
Which of the following pathways is common to both fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration? - ANS-✔✔Glycolysis
At year 0 in the graph shown above, a small herd of deer was introduced to an area protected from human activity. The population was monitored for 60 years. Based on the curve, which of the following is closest to the carrying capacity of the area for deer? - ANS-✔✔ 550
Based on the phylogenetic tree shown, which of the following statements is most likely correct? - ANS- ✔✔Multicellularity evolved independently more than once.
Before the start of any laboratory exercise, which of the following safety precautions is most appropriate for a teacher to tell the students? - ANS-✔✔Secure or remove articles of clothing that dangle and can get caught on lab equipment.
Which of the following are found in all viruses? - ANS-✔✔A capsid and either DNA or RNA
Which of the following best describes the process of feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway? - ANS- ✔✔An end product of the pathway reduces the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes an earlier reaction in the pathway.
Familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal dominant disorder, and red-green color blindness is an X‑linked recessive trait. A woman with normal serum cholesterol levels who is color‑blind has several children with a man with familial hypercholesterolemia and normal vision. The man's father also had familial hypercholesterolemia, but his mother did not. Which of the following is closest to the probability that one of the children born to the man and woman will be a daughter with familial hypercholesterolemia and color blindness? - ANS-✔✔ 0
The petals of a flower are known collectively as the - ANS-✔✔corolla
Which of the following best explains why an article in a free online encyclopedia is generally considered to be an unreliable scientific source? - ANS-✔✔The article is not peer reviewed.
Of the following human activities, which is having the greatest negative impact on global biodiversity? - ANS-✔✔Overharvesting native species
Which of the following has most contributed to the recovery of gray wolf populations in the United States? - ANS-✔✔Reintroduction of wolves to protected areas such as Yellowstone National Park
Which of the following experimental methods is most appropriate for separating pigments extracted from plant leaves? - ANS-✔✔Chromatography
In a species of fish, some are dark gray (GG)‚ some have light and dark gray stripes (Gg)‚ and some are light gray (gg). A wildlife ecologist studying a particular population of the fish recorded the data above. Based on the data, which of the following is most likely true about the population? - ANS-✔✔The population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium because the genotype frequencies of GG and gg are greater than the expected equilibrium frequencies.
Some species of hermit crab frequently camouflage their shells with sea anemones. The anemones receive food scraps and transportation from the crabs. The relationship between the hermit crabs and the anemones is best described as - ANS-✔✔mutualism
Gregor Mendel proposed which of the following principles of genetics? - ANS-✔✔Traits are passed in discrete units and produce predictable outcomes in offspring.
Which of the following is a plant adaptation selected for by frequent natural wildfires in some ecosystems? - ANS-✔✔Cones that open at high temperatures
A diploid cell that produces haploid products by going through two consecutive rounds of nuclear division is best described as which of the following? - ANS-✔✔a germ cell
The figure above illustrates the mass of Atlantic cod caught in the Grand Banks area off the coast of Newfoundland from 1850 to 2010. Based on the data, which of the following most likely explains the 1975 collapse of the Atlantic cod fishing industry in this region? - ANS-✔✔The fishing of the population at unsustainable levels
If cleavage of an embryo occurs in a radial fashion, the embryo must be of an organism that is - ANS-✔ ✔a deuterostome
