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Pesticide Application: Conversion Factors and Calculations, Summaries of Mathematics

University of Northern Colorado (UNC)Mathematics

Conversion factors and calculations for determining the amount of pesticide needed based on various units of measurement, such as gallons, ounces, pounds, acres, and square feet. It also includes instructions for calculating the amount of pesticide needed for different application methods and formulations.

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

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CONVERSIONS & CALCULATIONS
Conversions & CalCulations
To use this conversion table, multiply the number in the left-hand column by the conversion factor in
the center column. This converts your original number to the units in the right-hand column.
Examples:
1.0 gallon equals how many ounces? 2.5 gallons equals how many ounces?
1.0 gallon X 128 = 128 fluid ounces 2.5 gallons X 128 = 320 fluid ounces
Multiply By To get
Acres 43,560 Square feet
Acres 4,840 Square yards
Acres 0.405 Hectares
Bushels 64 Pints
Bushels 32 Quarts
Cubic feet 1,728 Cubic inches
Cubic feet 0.037 Cubic yards
Cubic feet 7.481 Gallons
Cubic feet 59.84 Pints (liquid)
Cubic feet 29.92 Quarts (liquid)
Cups 8 Ounces (liquid)
Cups 16 Tablespoons
Feet 30.48 Centimeters
Feet 12 Inches
Feet 0.305 Meters
Feet 1/3 or 0.333 Yards
Gallons 3.785 Liters
189
Effective applicat ion of pest icides
depends on many factors. One of
the more important is to correctly cal-
culate the amount of material needed.
Unless you have the right amount of
pesticide in your tank mix, even a cor-
rectly calibrated sprayer can apply the
wrong rate.
Manufacturers provide application
rate instruct ions on ever y pesticide
label. Due to the variety of ways in which
these recommendations are stated (such
as pounds of active ingredient [a.i.] per
acre, pounds of formu lation per 100
gallons of spray, or ounces of a.i. per
1,000 square feet), it is often necessary
to adapt the recommendations to dif-
ferent areas and volumes, or even other
units. Sometimes the amount of active
ing redient must be converted to the
amount of actual product. This process
can be very confusing.
Conversion Factors
Multiply By To get
Gallons 128 Ounces (liquid)
Gallons 8 Pints (liquid)
Gallons 4 Quarts (liquid)
Gallons, H2O 8.345 Pounds of water
Grams 0.001 Kilograms
Grams 1,000 Milligrams
Grams 0.035 Ounces
Grams per liter 1,000 Parts per million
Hectares 2.47 Acres
Inches 2.54 Centimeters
Kilograms 1,000 Grams
Kilograms 2.205 Pounds
Kilometers 3,281 Feet
Kilometers 0.621 Miles
Liters 0.264 Gallons
Liters 2.113 Pints (liquid)
Liters 1.057 Quarts (liquid)
APPENDIX C
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CONVERSIONS & CALCULATIONS

Conversions & CalCulations

To use this conversion table, multiply the number in the left-hand column by the conversion factor in

the center column. This converts your original number to the units in the right-hand column.

Examples:

1.0 gallon equals how many ounces? 2.5 gallons equals how many ounces?

1.0 gallon X 128 = 128 fluid ounces 2.5 gallons X 128 = 320 fluid ounces

Multiply By To get Acres 43,560 Square feet Acres 4,840 Square yards Acres 0.405 Hectares Bushels 64 Pints Bushels 32 Quarts Cubic feet 1,728 Cubic inches Cubic feet 0.037 Cubic yards Cubic feet 7.481 Gallons Cubic feet 59.84 Pints (liquid) Cubic feet 29.92 Quarts (liquid) Cups 8 Ounces (liquid) Cups 16 Tablespoons Feet 30.48 Centimeters Feet 12 Inches Feet 0.305 Meters Feet 1/3 or 0.333 Yards Gallons 3.785 Liters 189

E

ffective application of pesticides

depends on many factors. One of

the more important is to correctly cal-

culate the amount of material needed.

Unless you have the right amount of

pesticide in your tank mix, even a cor-

rectly calibrated sprayer can apply the

wrong rate.

Manufacturers provide application

rate instructions on every pesticide

label. Due to the variety of ways in which

these recommendations are stated (such

as pounds of active ingredient [a.i.] per

acre, pounds of formulation per 100

gallons of spray, or ounces of a.i. per

1,000 square feet), it is often necessary

to adapt the recommendations to dif-

ferent areas and volumes, or even other

units. Sometimes the amount of active

ingredient must be converted to the

amount of actual product. This process

can be very confusing.

Conversion Factors Multiply By To get Gallons 128 Ounces (liquid) Gallons 8 Pints (liquid) Gallons 4 Quarts (liquid) Gallons, H 2 O 8.345 Pounds of water Grams 0.001 Kilograms Grams 1,000 Milligrams Grams 0.035 Ounces Grams per liter 1,000 Parts per million Hectares 2.47 Acres Inches 2.54 Centimeters Kilograms 1,000 Grams Kilograms 2.205 Pounds Kilometers 3,281 Feet Kilometers 0.621 Miles Liters 0.264 Gallons Liters 2.113 Pints (liquid) Liters 1.057 Quarts (liquid)

APPENDIX C

APPENDIX C Pounds per 100 gallons : Directions for wettable or soluble powders may be given in pounds of pesticide formulation per 100 gallons of carrier. You must know the capacity in gallons of your spray tank (or the number of gallons you will be adding to your spray tank if the job requires only a partial tank load). Then use the following formula: Gallons in tank X pounds per 100 gallons recommended 100 gallons = pounds needed in tank Example: Your spray tank holds 500 gallons. The label calls for 2 pounds of formulation per 100 gallons of water. How many pounds of formulation should you add to the tank? 500 gallons X pounds per 100 gallons (2) 100 gallons = pounds needed in tank (10) 500 X 2 ÷ 100 = 10 You should add 10 pounds to the tank. Example: You need to spray only 1 acre, and your equipment is calibrated to spray 60 gallons per acre. The label calls for 2 pounds of formulation per 100 gallons of water. How many pounds of formulation should you add to the tank to make 60 gallons of finished spray? Gallons in tank (60) X pounds per 100 gallons (2) 100 gallons = pounds needed in tank (1.2, or 19.2 ounces) 60 X 2 ÷ 100 = 1. Number of pounds to add is 1.2, or 19.2 ounces. Pounds per acre: The label may list the recommended dosage as pounds per acre. If the job requires a full tank, you must know how many gallons your equipment applies per acre and spray tank capacity. Use these formulas: 190 Multiply By To get Multiply By To get

Meters 100 Centimeters

Meters 3.281 Feet Meters 39.37 Inches Meters 0.001 Kilometers Meters 1,000 Millimeters Meters 1.094 Yards Miles 5,280 Feet Miles 1,760 Yards Miles per hour 88 Feet per minute Miles per hour 1.467 Feet per second Miles per minute 88 Feet per second Miles per minute 60 Miles per hour Ounces (dry) 28.35 Grams Ounces (dry) 0.063 Pounds Ounces (liquid) 0.063 Pints (liquid) Ounces (liquid) 0.031 Quarts (liquid) Parts per million 0.001 Grams per liter Pecks 16 Pints (dry) Pecks 8 Quarts (dry) Pints 0.125 Gallons Pints 0.473 Liters Pints 2 Cups Pints (liquid) 16 Ounces (liquid) Pints (liquid) 0.5 Quarts (liquid) Pounds 453.592 Grams Pounds 16 Ounces Pounds 0.0005 Tons Quarts 2 Pints Quarts 0.25 Gallons Quarts 0.946 Liters Quarts (liquid) 32 Ounces (liquid) Quarts (liquid) 2 Pints (liquid) Rods 16.5 Feet Square miles 640 Acres Square yards 9 Square feet Square yards 1,296 Square inches Tablespoons 3 Teaspoons Temperature (°C) + 17.98 1.8 Temperature °F Temperature (°F) – 32 0.555 Temperature °C Tons 907.185 Kilograms Tons 2,000 Pounds Yards 3 Feet Yards 36 Inches Yards 0.914 Meters Mixing Soluble and Wettable Powders PESTICIDE CALCULATIONS

Formulations such as wettable and soluble powders,

emulsifiable concentrates, and flowables are sold

as concentrates and must be diluted in the spray

tank with an appropriate carrier. Water is the most

common carrier, but kerosene, oil, and other liquids

are sometimes used. Below are examples of how to

properly calculate how much pesticide should be

added to a spray tank.

192 APPENDIX C Square Feet vs. Acre Mixing The label rate is sometimes given in pounds, pints, quarts, or gallons per 1,000 square feet. If you have calibrated your equipment in terms of 1,000 square feet, you must adjust the formulas above from an acre to 1,000 square feet. The following formulas may be used with either liquid or dry formulations: Gallons per tank gallons applied per 1,000 square feet by equipment = number of 1,000-square-foot sections per tankful Number of 1,000-square-foot sections sprayed per tankful X pints, quarts, gallons, or pounds of formulation needed per 1,000 square feet = amount of formulation to add to tank. However, if you have calculated the target area in acres, you must convert the 1,000-square-foot rate to a rate per acre as follows: 43,560 square feet per acre 1,000 square feet Pints, quarts, gallons, or pounds per 1,000 square feet X 43.5 = pints, quarts, gallons, or pounds of formulation to apply per acre. To convert from the rate per acre to a rate per 1,000 square feet (or 100 square feet): Pints, quarts, gallons, or pounds of formulation recommended per acre 43.5 (435 for 100 square feet) = pints, quarts, gallons, or pounds of formulation per 1,000 square feet (or 100 square feet) From Penn State Pesticide Education Manual, third edition The section on conversion tables was adapted from the Pocket Pesticide Calibration Guide, compiled by Frank Boys and Frank Murphey, University of Delaware. The section on pesticide calculations was adapted from Applying Pesticides Correctly: A Guide for Private and Commercial Applicators, North Carolina State University. = 43.