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An overview of key concepts in sap erp systems, including instances, configuration, code modifications, documents, business processes, and organizational data. It covers topics such as sap landscape, configuration decisions, database management, document principles, business process integration, and organizational data concepts.
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Instance –
Typically 1 instance Typical SAP Landscape consists of multiple instances for
Typical install size: 1 terabyte. SAP ii s platforml f agnostic.i Can run on IBM AIX, IBM AS/400, Linux, HP‐UX, Solaris, IBM S/390, Windows
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Configuration –
What you do to have the system execute your business processes the way you want them executed. No code necessary. Change options
Over 8,000 configuration decision points available.
"We need people that can re‐engineer standard SAP and minimize writing code ." (Valerie Homan, Manager, Enterprise Solutions, Y12 National Security Complex)
Most infrastructure decisions, including configuration decisions, occur Basic SAP installation Once it is done, very difficult to undo or reconfigure SAP Consultant Focus
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Each transaction that writes data to underlying database
Each document contains information such as
OOnce created,d a dd ocument cannot bb e d ldeleted d ff rom theh database.
The Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 200, aka the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act, or SOX:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996:
Information systems must have appropriate security controls, and must ensure
In application: greatly limits or removes an administrator super‐user role that can do tasks
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Defined:
Sequence of business activities, typically involving shared resources and information. Often representing
Establishing efficient, effective business processes: key to successful company operationto successful company operation. Business Process definition and execution facilitation is core goal of ERP systems.
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Process Integration
Requisition^ Purchase Purchase Order NeededDetermine Materials
Sales Order Process
SalesEntry Order Check Availability
Procurement Process
MaterialsPick
GoodsReceipt
InvoiceReceipt Receipt of Payment
Needed Materials
to^ Payment Vendor Invoice PostIssue^ Goods Customer
Receipt Payment of
“The 3 Legged Stool” Components:
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Organizational Data :
Arranged according to tasks (particular activities) and functions (overall responsibilities). Examples: factories, distribution centers, warehouses, storage locations, etc. Mapping actual organization units to appropriate SAP structuralstructural representationrepresentation
Static data that is rarely changed.
Master Data :
Examples: customer data (address, contact info, etc.), vendor data, material data, and more. Before configuring and creating master data, organizational data must be in place. Providing consistency and accuracy in master data:Providing consistency and accuracy in master data:
Managed in SAP by
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Transitory information generated from independent
Customer orders, payment records, etc.
Unlike master data, aggregate transactional data is dd ynamici – eachh t t ransactionti ii s uniquei Transaction data pulls from
Transactions with monetary elements provide data for organizational financial (FI) and managerial accounting (CO). Not all transactions have direct financial implications.
Financial accounting : focused on preparation of
Managerial accounting : focused on preparation of
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General Ledger :
An acceptablep business transaction: Affects the financial position of the entity Measured in a currency Affects at least two accounts Assets = Liabilities + Equity Debits = Credits
The foundation for the General Ledger is the
Chart of Accounts: contains a completep list of all of the
Accounting reports are prepared from the balances contained in the General Ledger’s Chart of Accounts
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Client
Client can be thought of as All data within a single client is shared across
Company : smallest organizational unit for which individual financial statements can be drawn up according to the relevant commercial law. A company can include one or more Can be thought of as a company that consists of multiple smaller companies.
Companies are optional in organizational structureCompanies are optional in organizational structure. Only needed if multiple company codes are combined into consolidated financial statements.
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Client
Company
Company Code
Company Code
Company Code
Company Code
Company Code : A legally independent entity.
All company codes within a company must use the same chart of accounts and fiscal year. Business transactions are processed at this level. Legal financial statements, such as the balance sheet and the income statement are generated at thisand the income statement, are generated at this level using the General Ledger balances.
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Many other elements: Fiscal Year Variants : calendar on which reporting is based. Credit Control Area : organizational unit responsible for granting customer credit. Business Areas: logical groupings of products, etc. brought together for policy setting and strategic management. Plants : production facilities. Storage Locations, Purchasing Organizations, Purchasing Groups, and much, much more.
SAP does not work "out of the box." An SAP instance requires significant configuration.
Configuration brings together concepts of organizational data , master data , and transaction data.
One cannot fully appreciate the complexity of configuration management without extensive study.
