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North Carolina Laws on Forgery and Counterfeiting of Instruments and Documents, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Criminology

The north carolina state laws regarding forgery and counterfeiting of various instruments and documents, including checks, securities, deeds, wills, diplomas, and certificates. Penalties for uttering, making, or possessing false or forged instruments, as well as forging endorsements or signatures. It also includes provisions related to educational degrees and certificates. Intended for individuals and organizations seeking to understand the legal consequences of forgery and counterfeiting in north carolina.

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NC General Statutes - Chapter 14 Article 21 1
Article 21.
Forgery.
§ 14-119. Forgery of notes, checks, and other securities; counterfeiting of instruments.
(a) It is unlawful for any person to forge or counterfeit any instrument, or possess any
counterfeit instrument, with the intent to injure or defraud any person, financial institution, or
governmental unit. Any person in violation of this subsection is guilty of a Class I felony.
(b) Any person who transports or possesses five or more counterfeit instruments with the
intent to injure or defraud any person, financial institution, or governmental unit is guilty of a Class
G felony.
(c) As used in this Article, the term:
(1) "Counterfeit" means to manufacture, copy, reproduce, or forge an instrument
that purports to be genuine, but is not, because it has been falsely copied,
reproduced, forged, manufactured, embossed, encoded, duplicated, or altered.
(2) "Financial institution" means any mutual fund, money market fund, credit
union, savings and loan association, bank, or similar institution, either foreign
or domestic.
(3) "Governmental unit" means the United States, any United States territory, any
state of the United States, any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality
of any state, or any foreign jurisdiction.
(4) "Instrument" means (i) any currency, bill, note, warrant, check, order, or similar
instrument of or on any financial institution or governmental unit, or any cashier
or officer of the institution or unit; or (ii) any security issued by, or on behalf
of, any corporation, financial institution, or governmental unit. (1819, c. 994, s.
1, P.R.; R.C., c. 34, s. 60; Code, s. 1030; Rev., s. 3419; C.S., s. 4293; 1979, c.
760, s. 5; 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1316, s. 47; 1981, c. 63, s. 1; c. 179, s. 14; 1983,
c. 397, s. 1; 2002-175, s. 1.)
§ 14-120. Uttering forged paper or instrument containing a forged endorsement.
If any person, directly or indirectly, whether for the sake of gain or with intent to defraud or
injure any other person, shall utter or publish any such false, forged or counterfeited instrument as
is mentioned in G.S. 14-119, or shall pass or deliver, or attempt to pass or deliver, any of them to
another person (knowing the same to be falsely forged or counterfeited) the person so offending
shall be punished as a Class I felon. If any person, directly or indirectly, whether for the sake of
gain or with intent to defraud or injure any other person, shall falsely make, forge or counterfeit
any endorsement on any instrument described in the preceding section, whether such instrument
be genuine or false, or shall knowingly utter or publish any such instrument containing a false,
forged or counterfeited endorsement or, knowing the same to be falsely endorsed, shall pass or
deliver or attempt to pass or deliver any such instrument containing a forged endorsement to
another person, the person so offending shall be guilty of a Class I felony. (1819, c. 994, s. 2, P.R.;
R.C., c. 34, s. 61; Code, s. 1031; Rev., s. 3427; 1909, c. 666; C.S., s. 4294; 1961, c. 94; 1979, c.
760, s. 5; 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1316, s. 47; 1981, c. 63, s. 1, c. 179, s. 14; 1983, c. 397, s. 2; 1993, c.
539, s. 1185; 1994, Ex. Sess., c. 24, s. 14(c).)
§ 14-121. Selling of certain forged securities.
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Article 21. Forgery. § 14-119. Forgery of notes, checks, and other securities; counterfeiting of instruments. (a) It is unlawful for any person to forge or counterfeit any instrument, or possess any counterfeit instrument, with the intent to injure or defraud any person, financial institution, or governmental unit. Any person in violation of this subsection is guilty of a Class I felony. (b) Any person who transports or possesses five or more counterfeit instruments with the intent to injure or defraud any person, financial institution, or governmental unit is guilty of a Class G felony. (c) As used in this Article, the term: (1) "Counterfeit" means to manufacture, copy, reproduce, or forge an instrument that purports to be genuine, but is not, because it has been falsely copied, reproduced, forged, manufactured, embossed, encoded, duplicated, or altered. (2) "Financial institution" means any mutual fund, money market fund, credit union, savings and loan association, bank, or similar institution, either foreign or domestic. (3) "Governmental unit" means the United States, any United States territory, any state of the United States, any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality of any state, or any foreign jurisdiction. (4) "Instrument" means (i) any currency, bill, note, warrant, check, order, or similar instrument of or on any financial institution or governmental unit, or any cashier or officer of the institution or unit; or (ii) any security issued by, or on behalf of, any corporation, financial institution, or governmental unit. (1819, c. 994, s. 1, P.R.; R.C., c. 34, s. 60; Code, s. 1030; Rev., s. 3419; C.S., s. 4293; 1979, c. 760, s. 5; 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1316, s. 47; 1981, c. 63, s. 1; c. 179, s. 14; 1983, c. 397, s. 1; 2002-175, s. 1.) § 14-120. Uttering forged paper or instrument containing a forged endorsement. If any person, directly or indirectly, whether for the sake of gain or with intent to defraud or injure any other person, shall utter or publish any such false, forged or counterfeited instrument as is mentioned in G.S. 14-119, or shall pass or deliver, or attempt to pass or deliver, any of them to another person (knowing the same to be falsely forged or counterfeited) the person so offending shall be punished as a Class I felon. If any person, directly or indirectly, whether for the sake of gain or with intent to defraud or injure any other person, shall falsely make, forge or counterfeit any endorsement on any instrument described in the preceding section, whether such instrument be genuine or false, or shall knowingly utter or publish any such instrument containing a false, forged or counterfeited endorsement or, knowing the same to be falsely endorsed, shall pass or deliver or attempt to pass or deliver any such instrument containing a forged endorsement to another person, the person so offending shall be guilty of a Class I felony. (1819, c. 994, s. 2, P.R.; R.C., c. 34, s. 61; Code, s. 1031; Rev., s. 3427; 1909, c. 666; C.S., s. 4294; 1961, c. 94; 1979, c. 760, s. 5; 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1316, s. 47; 1981, c. 63, s. 1, c. 179, s. 14; 1983, c. 397, s. 2; 1993, c. 539, s. 1185; 1994, Ex. Sess., c. 24, s. 14(c).) § 14-121. Selling of certain forged securities.

If any person shall sell, by delivery, endorsement or otherwise, to any other person, any judgment for the recovery of money purporting to have been rendered by a magistrate, or any bond, promissory note, bill of exchange, order, draft or liquidated account purporting to be signed by the debtor (knowing the same to be forged), the person so offending shall be punished as a Class H felon. (R.C., c. 34, s. 63; Code, s. 1033; Rev., s. 3425; C.S., s. 4295; 1973, c. 108, s. 2; 1979, c. 760, s. 5; 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1316, s. 47; 1981, c. 63, s. 1, c. 179, s. 14; 1993, c. 539, s. 1186; 1994, Ex. Sess., c. 24, s. 14(c).) § 14-122. Forgery of deeds, wills and certain other instruments. If any person, of his own head and imagination, or by false conspiracy or fraud with others, shall wittingly and falsely forge and make, or shall cause or wittingly assent to the forging or making of, or shall show forth in evidence, knowing the same to be forged, any deed, lease or will, or any bond, writing obligatory, bill of exchange, promissory note, endorsement or assignment thereof; or any acquittance or receipt for money or goods; or any receipt or release for any bond, note, bill or any other security for the payment of money; or any order for the payment of money or delivery of goods, with intent, in any of said instances, to defraud any person or corporation, and thereof shall be duly convicted, the person so offending shall be punished as a Class H felon. (5 Eliz., c. 14, ss. 2, 3; 21 James I, c. 26; 1801, c. 572, P.R.; R.C., c. 34, s. 59; Code, s. 1029; Rev., s. 3424; C.S., s. 4296; 1979, c. 760, s. 5; 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1316, s. 47; 1981, c. 63, s. 1, c. 179, s. 14; 1993, c. 539, s. 1187; 1994, Ex. Sess., c. 24, s. 14(c).) § 14-122.1. Falsifying documents issued by a secondary school, postsecondary educational institution, or governmental agency. (a) It shall be unlawful for any person knowingly and willfully: (1) To make falsely or alter falsely, or to procure to be made falsely or altered falsely, or to aid or assist in making falsely or altering falsely, a diploma, certificate, license, or transcript signifying merit or achievement in an educational program issued by a secondary school, a postsecondary educational institution, or a governmental agency; (2) To sell, give, buy, or obtain, or to procure to be sold, given, bought, or obtained, or to aid or assist in selling, giving, buying, or obtaining, a diploma, certificate, license, or transcript, which he knows is false, signifying merit or achievement in an educational program issued by a secondary school, a postsecondary educational institution, or a governmental agency; (3) To use, offer, or present as genuine a falsely made or falsely altered diploma, certificate, license, or transcript signifying merit or achievement in an educational program issued by a secondary school, a postsecondary educational institution, or a governmental agency, which he knows is false; or (4) To make a false written representation of fact that he has received a degree or other certification signifying merit, achievement, or completion of an educational program involving study, experience, or testing from a secondary school, a postsecondary educational institution or governmental agency in an application for: (a) Employment; (b) Admission to an educational program;

a forged note, or forged instrument, in like manner as if each of them had been falsely made or forged. (R.C., c. 34, s. 66; Code, s. 1037; Rev., s. 3420; C.S., s. 4299.)