Chemistry: Ionic and Covalent Bonding and Naming of Molecular Compounds, Study notes of Chemistry

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Covalent Molecules

Review of Ionic Bonding

• Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a nonmetal, or between a positively charged particle and a negatively charged particle.
• Ionic bonds involve a transfer of electrons.
• Can you identify which of the following are joined by ionic bonds? - NaCl - K 3 N - MgBr 2 - CO 2 - N 2 - Al 2 O (^3)

Diatomic Molecules

• Certain elements occur in nature as diatomic molecules and not as single atoms (more stable as the molecule)
• Examples:
  • H 2 , N 2 , O 2 ,
  • F 2 , Cl 2 , Br 2 , I 2
• (^) Diatomic Molecules are bonded together by covalent bonds.

Important Definitions

• Chemical Formula : a representation,

using symbols, showing the different

types and number of atoms that make up

a given compound or molecule

• Subscript : small number, written behind

an element, showing how many atoms of

that element are found in a compound or

molecule

Table 1: Common Prefixes Used in

Covalent Compounds

Number of atoms

Prefix

Number of atoms

Prefix

1 Mono- 6 Hexa-

2 Di- 7 Hepta-

3 Tri- 8 Octa-

4 Tetra- 9 Nona-

5 Penta- 10 Deca-

What Does Naming Look Like?

1. CCl 4 :

2. CO:

3. NF 3 :

4. NO:

Carbon tetrachloride

Carbon monoxide

Nitrogen trifluoride

Nitrogen monoxide

What’s the formula?

1. Selenium hexafluoride: ___________
2. Disilicon hexabromide: __________
3. Diboron silicide: __________
4. Iodine pentafluoride: ________
5. Hexaboron silicide: ________
6. Diboron tetrabromide: _______
7. Diphosphorous pentoxide: ______
8. Carbon tetrafluoride: ________
9. Tetraphosphorous pentasulfide: _______
10. Hexasulfur oxide: _________

IF 5

Si 2 Br

SeF 6

CF 4

B 2 Si

B 6 Si B 2 Br P 2 O (^5)

P 4 S 5 S 6 O