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Download CPAER Canada Commercial Pilot Written Exam (Latest 2025/2026) Questions with Verified Answ and more Exams Aviation in PDF only on Docsity!
CPAERi,-Canadai,-Commerciali,-Piloti,-Writteni,-
Exami,-(Latesti,- 2025 /20 26 )i,-Questionsi,-withi,-
Verifiedi,-Answers|i,-100%i,-Correct|i,-Gradei,-A.
Whati,-isi,-thei,-Airi,-massi,-thati,-usuallyi,-occursi,-onlyi,-ini,-thei,-winteri,-timei,-
overi,-Canada?i,-i,- i,-continentali,-Arctici,-(cA)
Whati,-isi,-thei,-Airi,-massi,-thati,-usuallyi,-occursi,-onlyi,-ini,-thei,-summeri,-timei,-
overi,-Canada?i,-i,- i,-Maritimei,-Tropicali,-(mT)
Howi,-Longi,-isi,-Cati,- 3 i,-Medicali,-Exami,-Goodi,-fori,-ifi,-overi,-40?i,-i,- i,- 2 i,-years
Doesi,-ai,-CATi,- 1 i,-Medicali,-timei,-periodi,-starti,-oni,-thei,-Exami,-datei,-ori,-
Issuancei,-date?i,-i,- i,-Exami,-Date
Ai,-Piloti,-Proficiencyi,-Checki,-(PPC)i,-andi,-___________i,-__________i,-arei,-veryi,-
similar.i,-Excepti,-ai,-PPCi,-mayi,-bei,-requiredi,-fori,-IFRi,-currencyi,-
requirements.i,-i,- i,-Competencyi,-Check
Whati,-isi,-thei,-differencei,-betweeni,-ani,-AOCi,-andi,-ai,-COA?i,-i,- i,-AOC=i,-
Airi,-Operator'si,-Certificatei,-
COA=i,-Certifcatei,-ofi,-Airworthiness
Maximumi,-Airi,-Speedi,-Rulesi,-arei,-alwaysi,-ini,-whati,-typei,-ofi,-Airspeed?i,-i,-
i,-Indicatedi,-Knotsi,-(KIAS)
Wheni,-flyingi,-fromi,-ai,-altimeteri,-settingi,-regioni,-toi,-ai,-Standardi,-
Pressurei,-Regioni,-youi,-shouldi,-seti,-youri,-altimeteri,-toi,-29.92i,-justi,-
__________i,-enteringi,-thei,-SPRi,-i,- i,-After
Whati,-isi,-thei,-maini,-differencei,-betweeni,-ai,-reportablei,-aviationi,-
incidenti,-andi,-accident?i,-i,- i,-ai,-Reportablei,-aviationi,-Incidenti,-doesi,-
noti,-applyi,-toi,-smalli,-aircrafti,-(>i,-5,700i,-kg).i,-Iti,-coversi,-emergenciesi,-
(fire,i,-goingi,-offi,-runway,i,-Controli,-issues)i,-thati,-couldi,-havei,-resultedi,-ini,-
ai,-majori,-accident.
Pilotsi,-operatingi,-ati,-ani,-uncontrolledi,-Aerodromei,-ati,-whichi,-noi,-
groundi,-stationi,-existsi,-ori,-frequencyi,-isi,-publishedi,-shouldi,-broadcasti,-
oni,-i,- i,-123.
Wheni,-isi,-refuelingi,-ofi,-ani,-airi,-taxii,-flighti,-noti,-permittedi,-withi,-
passengersi,-oni,-board?i,-i,- i,-Wheni,-thei,-pilot-in-commandi,-isi,-noti,-
availablei,-toi,-monitori,-thei,-fueling
Whati,-happensi,-wheni,-youi,-leani,-thei,-mixturei,-ati,-cursingi,-altitude?i,-i,- i,-
Youi,-arei,-decreasingi,-thei,-amounti,-ofi,-fueli,-toi,-airi,-ratioi,-toi,-compensatei,-
fori,-thei,-lessi,-densei,-airi,-ati,-higheri,-altitudes.
Wheni,-Carbi,-heati,-isi,-appliedi,-whati,-happensi,-toi,-thei,-fueli,-toi,-airi,-ratio?i,-i,-
i,-Thei,-fueli,-getsi,-richeri,-becausei,-thei,-airi,-becomesi,-lessi,-dense.
Asi,-thei,-Anglei,-ofi,-attacki,-isi,-increasedi,-whati,-happensi,-toi,-lifti,-andi,-
inducedi,-drag?i,-i,- i,-Theyi,-bothi,-increase.
Thei,-Firsti,-Symptomi,-ofi,-Carburetori,-icingi,-isi,-
a.i,-Enginei,-Roughnessi,-
b.i,-RPMi,-decreasei,-i,- i,-b
Ai,-turboi,-Chargeri,-isi,-poweredi,-byi,-__________i,-_________i,-andi,-ai,-
superchargeri,-isi,-poweredi,-byi,-_____i,-_________i,-i,- i,-Exhausti,-gases,i,-
internallyi,-driveni,-compressori,-poweredi,-byi,-thei,-engine.
Ifi,-thei,-pitoti,-tubei,-andi,-itsi,-draini,-becomesi,-blockedi,-Whati,-wouldi,-thei,-
Airspeedi,-indicatori,-do?i,-i,- i,-Acti,-likei,-ai,-VSIi,-ori,-altimeter
Ifi,-ai,-pitoti,-tubei,-becomesi,-blockedi,-buti,-thei,-draini,-remainsi,-cleari,-whati,-
willi,-thei,-Airspeedi,-indicatori,-do?i,-i,- i,-Thisi,-isi,-ai,-partiali,-blocki,-whichi,-
willi,-allowi,-thei,-dynamici,-pressurei,-toi,-slowlyi,-leaki,-out.i,-Ini,-thisi,-casei,-thei,-
ASIi,-willi,-decreasei,-toi,- 0
Whati,-willi,-happeni,-toi,-thei,-Airspeedi,-indicatori,-ifi,-thei,-statici,-porti,-getsi,-
blocked?i,-i,- i,-Iti,-willi,-under-readi,-morei,-andi,-morei,-asi,-youi,-climbi,-andi,-
overi,-readi,-morei,-andi,-morei,-asi,-youi,-descend.
Whati,-willi,-happeni,-toi,-thei,-altimeteri,-ifi,-thei,-statici,-porti,-getsi,-blocked?i,-i,-
i,-Iti,-willi,-freezei,-oni,-thei,-lasti,-altitudei,-beforei,-blockage
Wherei,-cani,-youi,-findi,-thei,-CRFIi,-recommendedi,-valuei,-fori,-ai,-specifici,-
crosswind?i,-i,- i,-Underi,-thati,-specifici,-crosswindi,-ini,-thei,-Charti,-titledi,-
Crosswindi,-limitsi,-fori,-CRFI
Whati,-isi,-ai,-troughi,-andi,-howi,-isi,-iti,-depictedi,-oni,-ai,-GFA?i,-i,- i,-Iti,-isi,-ani,-
elongatedi,-arei,-ofi,-lowi,-pressurei,-andi,-isi,-showni,-asi,-ai,-singlei,-purplei,-line.
Whati,-doesi,-ai,-doublei,-purplei,-linei,-indicatei,-oni,-ai,-GFA?i,-i,- i,-ani,-upperi,-
airi,-trough.
Whati,-isi,-thei,-differencei,-betweeni,-ai,-trowali,-andi,-ai,-troughi,-andi,-howi,-isi,-
eachi,-depictedi,-oni,-ai,-GFA?i,-i,- i,-Ai,-Trowali,-(ori,-ani,-occludedi,-front)i,-
occursi,-wheni,-coldi,-airi,-catchesi,-upi,-withi,-warmi,-air.i,-Iti,-isi,-showni,-oni,-thei,-
Stratusi,-cloudsi,-arei,-knowni,-fori,-whati,-typei,-ofi,-precipitation?i,-i,- i,-
Drizzle
Ifi,-windsi,-arei,-veering,i,-whichi,-directioni,-arei,-theyi,-shiftingi,-too?i,-i,- i,-
Clockwise
Typicallyi,-duringi,-climbi,-outi,-whati,-doi,-thei,-windsi,-do?i,-i,- i,-Veeri,-andi,-
increase
Whati,-arei,-thei,-twoi,-airi,-massesi,-thati,-arei,-veryi,-rarei,-fori,-Canada?i,-i,- i,-cPi,-
andi,-cT.
Decodei,-thei,-followingi,-METAR:i,-RMKi,-SF5NS3i,-SLP134i,-i,- i,-
Remarks:5i,-oktasi,-Stratusi,-fractusi,- 3 i,-oktasi,-Nimbostratusi,-Seai,-leveli,-
pressure:i,-1013.4i,-hPa
Decodei,-thei,-followingi,-METAR:i,-RMKi,-SN2SC6i,-SLP270i,-i,- i,-Remarks:i,-
2 i,-oktasi,-Stratusi,-Nimbusi,- 6 i,-oktasi,-stratusi,-cumulus
Seali,-leveli,-pressure:i,-1027.0i,-hpa
Howi,-doi,-youi,-calculatei,-thei,-Freezingi,-leveli,-withini,-ai,-cloud?
EG=i,-Elevationi,- 900 i,-ft
Surfacei,-Tempi,-=i,- 24 i,-c
Dewi,-Pointi,-=i,- 15 i,-Ci,-i,- i,-1.i,-Firsti,-geti,-thei,-Cloudi,-Basei,-(Dewi,-pointi,-
Spreadi,-Xi,-400)
1.i,-Eg:i,-3,600i,-+i,- 900 i,-=i,- 4500 i,-ASLi,-
2.i,-Theni,-geti,-thei,-"newi,-dewi,-pointi,-(DP-i,-(.5x(cloudi,-base/1000)
2.i,-Eg:i,- 15 - i,-(.5xi,-(3,600/1000)=i,-13.2i,-
3.i,-Newi,-DP/1.5i,-X1,
13.2/1.5X1,
4.i,-Addi,-thati,-toi,-thei,-Basei,-plusi,-Elevationi,-=i,-freezingi,-level.
4 i,-eg:i,-3,600i,-+8,800i,-=12,400i,-AGLi,-+i,- 900 i,-=i,-13,300i,-ASLi,-
Btw,i,-thisi,-isi,-Bullshit!i,-Asi,-thei,-saturatedi,-lapsei,-ratei,-isi,-noti,-veryi,-steady
Ini,-ai,-METARi,-regardingi,-RVRi,-whati,-doi,-thei,-followingi,-codesi,-means?i,-
D,i,-U,i,-Ni,-i,- i,-Downwardi,-Trend,i,-Upwardi,-Trend,i,-Noi,-change.
Ini,-ai,-METARi,-whati,-minutei,-averagei,-isi,-takeni,-fori,-RVR?i,-i,- i,- 10 i,-Minutei,-
Average
Whati,-isi,-thei,-followingi,-Barometrici,-Pressure:i,-SLP033i,-i,- i,-1003.3i,-hPa
Whati,-isi,-thei,-followingi,-Barometrici,-Pressure:i,-SLP833i,-i,- i,-983.3i,-hPA
Whati,-isi,-thei,-followingi,-Barometrici,-Pressure:i,-SLP751i,-i,- i,-975.1i,-hPA
Whati,-musti,-ai,-piloti,-doi,-toi,-stayi,-current?i,-i,- i,-1.i,-Everyi,- 6 i,-months:i,-
Completei,- 5 i,-takeoffsi,-andi,-landingsi,-toi,-carryi,-passengers.i,-Ifi,-flyingi,-ati,-
Night,i,-thei,-TO/Landingsi,-musti,-bei,-ati,-nighti,-asi,-well.i,-
2.i,-Everyi,- 2 i,-years:i,-Completei,-(onei,-ofi,-thei,-following);i,-Flighti,-Review,i,-
TCi,-Aviationi,-Seminar,i,-TCi,-approvedi,-recurrenti,-Trainingi,-Program,i,-
Selfi,-pacedi,-studyi,-program,i,-PPC.i,-
3.i,-Everyi,- 5 i,-years:i,-Flyi,-asi,-PICi,-ori,-SICi,-ati,-leasti,-oncei,-ini,-ai,-Categoryi,-ofi,-ACi,-
fori,-whichi,-you'rei,-licensed.
Mult-enginei,-PICi,-(PPCi,-ori,-PCC)i,-i,- i,-PPC
Multi-enginei,-SICi,-requiringi,-ai,-typei,-ratingi,-(PPCi,-ori,-PCC)i,-i,- i,-PCC
Single-enginei,-aeroplanesi,-flowni,-withi,-passengersi,-nighti,-VFRi,-ori,-
withi,-passengersi,-IFRi,-(PPCi,-ori,-PCC)i,-i,- i,-PPC
Whati,-typei,-ofi,-flyingi,-requiresi,-ai,-PPCi,-(3i,-items)i,-i,- i,-1.i,-Multi-enginei,-
aeroplanes
2.i,-Single-enginei,-aeroplanesi,-flowni,-withi,-passengersi,-nighti,-VFRi,-ori,-
withi,-passengersi,-IFR
3.i,-Aeroplanei,-requiringi,-ai,-typei,-ratingi,-SICi,-musti,-completei,-ai,-PPCi,-
initiallyi,-fori,-thei,-typei,-ratingi,-(ifi,-thei,-piloti,-doesi,-noti,-havei,-thei,-typei,-
rating)
Whati,-typei,-ofi,-flyingi,-requiresi,-ai,-PCCi,-(3i,-items)i,-i,- i,-1.i,-Single-enginei,-
aeroplanesi,-flowni,-withi,-passengersi,-ori,-cargoi,-dayi,-VFR.i,-
2.i,-Single-enginei,-aeroplanesi,-flowni,-withi,-cargoi,-onlyi,-nighti,-VFRi,-ori,-
cargoi,-onlyi,-IFRi,-
3.i,-Multi-enginei,-SICi,-ofi,-ani,-aeroplanei,-requiringi,-two-crewi,-(typei,-
rating)i,-VFRi,-ori,-IFRi,-(Thei,-PICi,-wouldi,-doi,-thei,-PPCi,-everyi,-time)
Whati,-isi,-thei,-Requirementi,-fori,-caringi,-ai,-Journeyi,-Logi,-oni,-boardi,-andi,-
whati,-isi,-thei,-requirementi,-fori,-Filingi,-ai,-Flighti,-Plani,-ori,-Flighti,-Itinerary.i,-i,-
i,-1.i,-Journeyi,-Logi,-musti,-bei,-carriedi,-anytimei,-thei,-enginei,-willi,-bei,-
shuti,-downi,-otheri,-thani,-thei,-departurei,-Airport..
2,i,-Flighti,-Plani,-ori,-Itineraryi,-fori,-alli,-flightsi,-beyondi,- 25 i,-NMi,-radiusi,-fromi,-
thei,-departurei,-aerodrome.
Fori,-VFRi,-OTT,i,-thei,-minimumi,-weatheri,-conditionsi,-requiredi,-ati,-
destinationi,-musti,-bei,-forecasti,-toi,-exist.i,-.i,-.i,-.i,-beforei,-toi,-.i,-.i,-.i,-.i,-.i,-afteri,-thei,-
ETAi,-wheni,-usingi,-ai,-TAFi,-andi,-.i,-.i,-.i,-.i,-.i,-beforei,-toi,-.i,-.i,-.i,-.i,-.i,-afteri,-thei,-ETAi,-
wheni,-usingi,-ai,-GFAi,-(ifi,-noi,-TAFi,-exists).i,-i,- i,- 1 i,-hour,i,- 2 i,-hours,i,- 1 i,-hour,i,- 3 i,-
hours
Flighti,-Crewi,-membersi,-fori,-ani,-airi,-taxii,-Servicesi,-musti,-makei,-_____i,-
takeoffsi,-andi,-landingsi,-ini,-_________i,-___________i,-i,- i,- 3 i,- 90 i,-days
Whilei,-operatingi,-ini,-ani,-airi,-taxii,-Servicei,-ati,-night,i,-whati,-isi,-thei,-
minimumi,-obstaclei,-clearance?i,-i,- i,-1,000i,-feeti,-abovei,-anyi,-obstaclei,-
withini,-ai,- 3 i,-milei,-Radius
Cani,-ani,-Airi,-Taxii,-Servicei,-operatei,-VFRi,-OTT?i,-i,- i,-Onlyi,-ifi,-iti,-isi,-
specificallyi,-authorizedi,-ini,-thei,-AOC.
Describei,-Detonationi,-i,- i,-Detonationi,-isi,-thei,-abrupti,-combustioni,-ori,-
explosioni,-ofi,-thei,-fueli,-chargei,-insidei,-thei,-cylinder.i,-Thisi,-occursi,-wheni,-
tooi,-lowi,-ofi,-ani,-octanei,-isi,-usedi,-ori,-excessive.
Describei,-Pre-ignitioni,-i,- i,-Pre-Ignitioni,-isi,-definedi,-asi,-combustioni,-
thati,-beginsi,-beforei,-iti,-isi,-intendedi,-to,i,-beforei,-thei,-regulari,-timedi,-
spark.i,-Pre-Ignitioni,-cani,-occuri,-alonei,-ori,-asi,-ai,-resulti,-ofi,-detonation.i,-
Hoti,-spotsi,-fromi,-detonation,i,-improperi,-heati,-rangei,-sparki,-plugsi,-andi,-
glowingi,-carboni,-depositsi,-fromi,-leani,-mixturesi,-arei,-commoni,-causesi,-
ofi,-pre-ignition.
Withi,-respecti,-toi,-carburetori,-icingi,-wheni,-shouldi,-partiali,-heati,-bei,-
used?i,-i,- i,-Onlyi,-wheni,-thei,-Aircrafti,-hasi,-ai,-Carbi,-Airi,-Tempi,-Gauge.
Lowi,-Viscosityi,-isi,-likei,-__________i,-whereasi,-highi,-Viscosityi,-isi,-likei,-
_________.i,-i,- i,-Lowi,-Viscosityi,-isi,-likei,-wateri,-whereasi,-highi,-Viscosityi,-isi,-
likei,-Molasses.
Ifi,-youi,-usei,-tooi,-lowi,-ofi,-ai,-viscosityi,-oili,-ini,-youri,-enginei,-youi,-willi,-geti,-
whati,-typei,-ofi,-oili,-pressurei,-reading?i,-i,- i,-Lowi,-Oili,-Pressure
Ifi,-youi,-usei,-tooi,-highi,-ofi,-ai,-viscosityi,-oili,-ini,-youri,-enginei,-youi,-willi,-geti,-
whati,-typei,-ofi,-oili,-pressurei,-reading?i,-i,- i,-Highi,-oili,-pressure
Centrifugali,-forcei,-whichi,-actsi,-towardsi,-thei,-outsidei,-ori,-insidei,-ofi,-thei,-
turn?i,-i,- i,-Outside
Centripetali,-forcei,-whichi,-actsi,-towardsi,-thei,-outsidei,-ori,-insidei,-ofi,-thei,-
turn?i,-i,- i,-Inside
Ati,-whati,-banki,-anglei,-isi,-thei,-loadi,-factori,-doubledi,-andi,-whati,-Gi,-wouldi,-
thisi,-be?i,-i,- i,- 60 i,-degreesi,-andi,- 2 i,-Gs
Ifi,-ai,-POHi,-isi,-noti,-availablei,-whati,-isi,-ai,-goodi,-rulei,-ofi,-thumbi,-fori,-
determiningi,-thei,-maxi,-crosswindi,-ofi,-ani,-AC?i,-i,- i,-20%i,-ofi,-stalli,-speed.
Whati,-arei,-thei,-usesi,-ofi,-wingi,-fencesi,-andi,-winglets?i,-i,- i,-Toi,-Lessi,-
vorticesi,-andi,-reducingi,-inducedi,-drag
b.i,-Usei,-thei,-Charti,-toi,-determinei,-thei,-Momenti,-i,- i,-Drawi,-outi,-ai,-table.i,-
Thisi,-willi,-savei,-timei,-andi,-providei,-morei,-exacti,-CGi,-calculations
Whati,-doesi,-IWAMi,-mean?i,-i,- i,-Itemi,-Weighti,-Armi,-Moment
Whati,-isi,-thei,-besti,-wayi,-toi,-Interpolatei,-betweeni,-twoi,-numbersi,-i,- i,-
sumi,-thei,-totali,-andi,-dividei,-byi,- 2
Whati,-causesi,-wind?i,-i,- i,-horizontali,-differencesi,-ini,-airi,-pressure
Whati,-isi,-ani,-Isothermali,-layer?i,-i,- i,-Ai,-verticali,-columni,-ofi,-airi,-havingi,-ai,-
constanti,-temperaturei,-withi,-height.
Listi,-andi,-describei,- 5 i,-liftingi,-agentsi,-i,- i,-1.i,-Orographici,-Lift-i,-Airi,-
movingi,-upi,-mountainsi,-(ie:i,-Appalachian)i,-
2.i,-Frontali,-Iift-i,-Coldi,-fronti,-pushesi,-warmi,-airi,-up
3.i,-Convergence-i,-Ini,-thei,-centeri,-ofi,-ai,-lowi,-pressurei,-areai,-windsi,-
convergei,-andi,-rise.i,-
4.i,-Convectivei,-lift-Suni,-heatsi,-thei,-earthi,-makingi,-airi,-rise.i,-Ifi,-airi,-isi,-
stablei,-fairi,-weatheri,-cumulusi,-cloudsi,-willi,-bei,-created.i,-Ifi,-airi,-isi,-
unstablei,-convectioni,-willi,-leadi,-toi,-CBi,-andi,-TSi,-
5.i,-Mechanicali,-Turbulence
(Ti,-ori,-F)i,-Airi,-usuallyi,-flowsi,-smoothlyi,-upi,-ai,-mountaini,-side?i,-i,- i,-T
Arei,-windsi,-namedi,-fromi,-wherei,-theyi,-arei,-goingi,-ori,-wherei,-theyi,-arei,-
comingi,-from?i,-eg:i,-Seai,-Breezei,-i,- i,-Wherei,-theyi,-originatedi,-from.
Wheni,-doesi,-windi,-tendi,-toi,-goi,-fromi,-Landi,-toi,-water?i,-Why?i,-i,- i,-Ati,-
nighti,-becausei,-thei,-groundi,-coolsi,-quickeri,-thani,-water.i,-Andi,-windi,-
goesi,-fromi,-thei,-Highi,-Pressurei,-(Colder)i,-toi,-thei,-lowi,-Pressurei,-
(Warmer)
Wheni,-doesi,-windi,-tendi,-toi,-goi,-fromi,-wateri,-toi,-land?i,-Why?i,-i,- i,-
Duringi,-thei,-dayi,-becausei,-thei,-groundi,-warmsi,-upi,-quickeri,-thani,-water.i,-
Andi,-windi,-goesi,-fromi,-thei,-Highi,-Pressurei,-(Colder)i,-toi,-thei,-lowi,-
Pressurei,-(Warmer)
Whyi,-doesi,-Windi,-flowi,-counter-clockwisei,-aroundi,-ai,-Lowi,-Pressurei,-
andi,-Clockwisei,-aroundi,-ai,-highi,-pressurei,-(ini,-thei,-Northerni,-
Hemisphere)i,-i,- i,-Duei,-toi,-thei,-Coriolisi,-Effect.
Whati,-typei,-ofi,-precipitationi,-couldi,-indicatei,-freezingi,-raini,-ati,-ai,-higheri,-
altitude?i,-i,- i,-Icei,-Pellets
Whati,-movesi,-fasteri,-(Warmi,-fronti,-ori,-Coldi,-Front)?i,-i,- i,-Coldi,-Front
Dewi,-Point=i,-Sharpi,-Drop
Asi,-ai,-warmi,-fronti,-passesi,-whati,-happensi,-(Winds,i,-Temp,i,-Pressure,i,-
Precip,i,-visibility,i,-dewpoint)i,-i,- i,-Winds=i,-Variablei,-andi,-veers
Temp=i,-steadyi,-risei,-
pressure=i,-levelingi,-off
clouds=i,-STi,-NSi,-
Precip=i,-DZi,-ori,-nonei,-
Visibility=i,-poori,-buti,-improvingi,-
Dewi,-Point=i,-steady
Describei,-thei,-stagesi,-ofi,-ai,-Thunderstormi,-i,- i,-1.i,-Cumulusi,-ori,-
Developingi,-stage:i,-Dominatedi,-byi,-updrafts
2.i,-Maturei,-Stage:i,-Updraftsi,-andi,-downdrafts
3.i,-Dissipatingi,-Stage-Downdrafti,-dominated
Describei,-thei,-Cumulusi,-Stagei,-ofi,-ai,-thunderstorm.i,-i,- i,-1.i,-Asi,-wateri,-
vapori,-condensesi,-intoi,-liquid,i,-latenti,-heati,-isi,-releasedi,-whichi,-warmsi,-
thei,-airi,-ati,-ai,-fasti,-ratei,-thani,-surroundingi,-air.i,-
2.i,-updraftsi,-holdi,-thei,-wateri,-dropletsi,-andi,-icei,-crystalsi,-soi,-raini,-isi,-
unablei,-toi,-falli,-
3.i,-Somei,-updraftsi,-cani,-reachi,-upi,-toi,- 45 i,-MPH
Describei,-thei,-maturei,-Stagei,-ofi,-ai,-thunderstorm.i,-i,- i,-1.i,-Thei,-warmeri,-
airi,-continuesi,-toi,-risei,-untili,-iti,-reachesi,-thei,-tropopausei,-wherei,-iti,-
spreadsi,-outi,-horizontallyi,-creatingi,-thei,-anvili,-shape.i,-
2.i,-Wateri,-dropletsi,-coalescei,-intoi,-largeri,-heavieri,-dropletsi,-andi,-freezei,-
toi,-becomei,-icei,-particles.i,-Asi,-theyi,-falli,-thei,-melti,-toi,-becomesi,-rain.i,-
3.i,-Updraftsi,-cani,-reachi,- 65 i,-MPHi,-ori,- 6000 i,-FPM
4.i,-Downi,-draftsi,-andi,-updraftsi,-occuri,-ati,-thisi,-stage
5.i,-Thisi,-isi,-thei,-mosti,-intensei,-parti,-ofi,-thei,-stormi,-(Precip,i,-tb,i,-Thunderi,-
andi,-lightning).
Describei,-thei,-dissipatingi,-Stagei,-ofi,-ai,-thunderstorm.i,-i,- i,-1.i,-
Predominatelyi,-downdrafts
2.i,-Microbursti,-
3.i,-downdrafti,-willi,-cuti,-offi,-thei,-inflowi,-ofi,-updraftsi,-thosei,-dissipatingi,-
thei,-storm.
Isi,-iti,-possiblei,-toi,-telli,-howi,-severi,-ai,-Thunderstormi,-isi,-byi,-lookingi,-ati,-it?i,-i,-
i,-No,i,-Thei,-visiblei,-thunderstormi,-cloudi,-isi,-onlyi,-ai,-portioni,-ofi,-ai,-
turbulenti,-systemi,-ofi,-updraftsi,-andi,-downdrafts.i,-Asi,-suchi,-Severei,-
(planei,-breaking)i,-TBi,-cani,-extendi,-upi,-toi,- 20 i,-NMi,-fromi,-ai,-
Thunderstorm.
