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CPDT-KA Study Guide Exam Questions And Answers
Species Designation - ANSWER Canis Lupis Familiaris
What does "Tame" mean? - ANSWER (v) to domesticate; (adj) a domesticated animal which is not dangerous or frightened of people;
Domestication" - ANSWER v. The process of adapting an animal (or plant) to life in close association with and for the benefit of humans adj- "domestic" An animal that has undergone profound behavioral and biological changes through selective breeding over many generations and has become tame
What is "Neoteny"? - ANSWER the persistence of juvenile features in adults
*Many modern breeds of dogs exhibit neotenous features.
What does "Phylogeny" mean? - ANSWER The evolutionary history of an organism
What is "Phylogenetic Behavior" (in dogs)? - ANSWER Behaviors common to the dog as a species:
*Food acquisition
*Hazard avoidance, safety/comfort seeking
*Reproductive behaviors
What are "Fixed Action Patterns"? - ANSWER Innate or phylogenetic behaviors which must be completed before the animal stops;
Examples: urine marking even if the dog has no urine remaining in system or circling before laying on a blanket
What is "Ontogenetic Behavior"? - ANSWER A response to environmental influences. It
is learned, has be rewarded, and can be modified. ie. dog running to name after being fed previously when name was called
Tempermant - ANSWER Nature v. Nurture; Learned v. Innate.
Instinctive Drift - ANSWER The Breland Effect. The prepotency of strong instinctive behavior patterns over those which have been conditioned. Where ever an animal had strong instructive behavior the, organism will drift toward instinctive behavior to the detriment of the conditioned behavior.
Critical Periods - ANSWER 3-16 weeks. Socialization window begins to diminish by 16 weeks.
Testosterone- ANSWER Drives behaviours like mounting, mating, searching for females, scent marking, and aggression. If the history of the dog is to get reinforced for such behaviours, that behaviour now has a conditioned component and doesn't rely on testosterone.
Female Hormones- ANSWER Oestrogen and progesterone. Estrus twice a year. 20 days duration. Spaying does not decrease aggression levels in females. Actually may increase.
Neuropsychology - ANSWER Relationship between the brain and the body.
Engrams - ANSWER Muscle Memory. Development and storage of familiar motor action. The neural pathways.
Reticular Activating System (RAS) - ANSWER Attention center of the brain. Where things are perceived, processed, and acted upon. Tuning out things that are unimportant.
Limbic System - ANSWER Network of cells in the brain that integrates instinct and learning. Also involved emotions such as fear. When active Cerebral Cortex is inactive.
freezing, creeping, attempts to escape.
Reactive, Excitable Behavior - ANSWER Poor impulse control. Trigger hair response: fear, aggression, friendly.
Ambivalence - ANSWER Being in conflict. Unsure, undecided. Body shows both offensive and defensive postures at same time.
Displacement Behavior - ANSWER Signs dog is trying to "hold it together". Dog is in conflict.
Signs: yawning, lip licking, scratching,
Calming Signals - ANSWER Yawning, tongue flick, ground sniffing, blinking, turning away, scratching, averting eyes
Agonistic Behaviors - ANSWER Behaviors used in response to social conflict or competitive encounters.
Avoidance, Appeasement, Submission
Forms of Aggression - ANSWER Fear, Dominance, Possessive, Protective, Territorial, Pain-related, Redirected, Socially-Facilitated
Learning Theory - ANSWER Learn by association. An organism can experience three outcomes/consequences for its behavior: something good, something bad, or nothing at all
Classical Conditioning - ANSWER The learned association between two events; One event is neutral and one event elicits an unconditioned response.
Forms a relationship between two stimuli
Operant Conditioning - ANSWER Learning by association with what happens after the
behavior.
Forms an association between a behavior and a consequence
ABC - ANSWER Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Reinforcement - ANSWER R
Increase Behavior
Positive - ANSWER +
Add something
Negative - ANSWER -
Take something away
Punishment - ANSWER P
Decrease Behavior
Extinction - ANSWER Extinguish. Only applies to behaviors that have been fueled with attention, food, physical contact, freedom or other rewards
Extinction Burst - ANSWER Behavior temporarily gets worse, not better
Spontaneous Recovery - ANSWER Extinct behavior can recur in the future if the trigger in presented again
Primary Reinforcer - ANSWER Something the dog values
Shaping - ANSWER Rewarding successive approximations fora desired behavior
Chaining - ANSWER Teaching smaller behaviors separately then combining them
Backward Chaining - ANSWER Same as chaining but teaching the last behavior first
Premack Principle - ANSWER A high-probability behavior, something the dog loves to do, can be sued to reward a low-probability behavior
Cueing - ANSWER Verbal or signal; Does are visual and may respond better to signals; Environmental cues - everyday cues that illicit behavior
Overshadowing - ANSWER Most salient feature in the environment-from the dog's perspective-can mask other features present
Blocking - ANSWER Previously learned cue conflicts with a newly learned one
Salience - ANSWER Noticeable
Stimulus Control - ANSWER Several dimensions of how a dog responds to a cue;
Dog is under stimulus control if it does not:
Refuse to give behavior, Give a different behavior, Give behavior for different cue, Give behavior without cue
Superstitious Behavior - ANSWER Coincidental learning of some irrelevant behavior along with desired one; Usually the result of accidental reinforcement
What is a dog's normal body temperature range? - ANSWER 99.5 to 102.5 F
At what age will a female dog enter her first heat cycle? ANSWER Between 6 months to 1.5 years of age depending on breed
At what age are puppies weaned? ANSWER 4 to 8 weeks; Puppies should not be removed from mother earlier than 8 weeks; Ideal time with mom is 12 weeks
At what age do the maternal antibodies disappear from a puppy's system? ANSWER Between 6 to 16 weeks of age
Socialization window is when? - ANWER 3 to 14 -16 weeks; Pups' brains can make long-term changes in response to social input
Puppy can start puppy classes when? - ANSWER 8 weeks
Puppies can start class one to two weeks after their first vaccine for distemper, parvo and adenovirus
When to start puppies with their vaccination schedule? - ANSWER 6 to 8 weeks of age
What if you wait to start puppy class until after all vaccines are complete (16 weeks)? - ANSWER Limits socialization and risks development of unwanted and even dangerous behaviors
What are attenuated vaccines? - ANSWER Vaccines altered in some way to prevent inducing serious disease
What does DHLPP stand for? - ANSWER Distemper, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Parainfluenza, & Parvovirus
Distemper - ANSWER Airborne viral disease of the lungs, intestines and brain; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters
What are whipworms? - ANSWER Internal parasites contracted from ingesting contaminated matter (food, water, feces, flesh, etc.);
Symptoms: large bowel inflammation, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, anemia, and weight loss
Hookworms What are hookworms? - ANSWER Intestinal parasites that feed on blood in the lining of the small intestine; Contracted from contact w/ contaminated soil/feces or an infected mother;
Symptoms: dark feces, lethargy, anemia, pale gums
Capable of being contracted by humans but don't inhabit human intestines; Migrate under skin and cause itch red rash that often goes away by itself
What are roundworms? - ANSWER Intestinal parasites acquired in utero, thru nursing, or thru contact with contaminated soil or feces.
Symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea, poor coat, enlarged abdomen
What are tapeworms? - ANSWER Internal parasites acquired by ingesting contaminated hosts (fleas/small animals);
Symptoms: Itchy bottom, scooting, white segments resembling grains of rice around anus or in feces
External Parasites - ANSWER Parasites that feed on blood and may cause anemia; Include fleas and ticks; Ticks can cause Lyme Disease and Anaplasmosis while ingesting fleas can infect a dog with tapeworms
What are the risks associated with obesity in dogs? - ANSWER Cardiovascular disease and metabolic diseases such as pancreatitis and diabetes in addition to stress on joints and limbs contributing to lameness;
Should be able to feel ribs without seeing them. Dog's body should have hourglass shape
When should a dog be spayed/neutered? ANSWER The procedure can be done as early as 6 weeks of age for shelter animals; More commonly done after 16 weeks to promote full immune system development; Done before fully physically developed does affect physical growth rate/outcome in dogs - between 1 to 2.5 years of age
Spaying/neutering may prevent sexually dimorphic behaviors and protects against uterine cancer, pyometra, prostate cancer, mammary cancer, testicular cancer, and unwanted pregnancy
Hydrocephalus - ANSWER Excessive cerebrospinal fluid accumulated in the brain; Learning delays or failures; Slow or absent to housebreak, irritability or aggression; More common in smaller breeds or brachycephalic breeds
Epilepsy - ANSWER Seizures; Can be as big as convulsions or as small as behaviors changes
Hypoglycemia - ANSWER Brain doesn't get sugar; Cause weakness, disoriented, irritable, failure to process information
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Underactive thyroid gland; Can cause aggression, irritability, and anxiety
Cushing's Disease - ANSWER Too much cortisone production; Cause irritability and reactivity
CDS - ANSWER Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome;
Older dog problem; Disorientation, disruption in sleep/wake cycle, house soiling
Psychotropic Medications - ANSWER Prescribed by veterinarians; Treat anxiety and aggression
