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Cpr, BLS CPR Exam 2023-
In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur? - ANSWER Homes Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children? - ANSWER Respiratory failure or shock What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival? - ANSWER Rapid defibrillation Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest? - ANSWER When an abnormal rhythm develops and the heart stops beating unexpectedly. You watch a 53 year-old man collapse and become unresponsive. What is the first action you should take in this situation? - ANSWER Verify that the scene is safe for you and your victim. The man doesn't respond when you touch him and shout, "Are you okay?" what is your best next action? - ANSWER Shout for nearby help. Several rescuers respond, you ask them to activate the emergency response system and retrieve the AED and emergency equipment. As you check for a pulse and breathing, you notice that the man is gasping for air and making snorting sounds. You do not feel a pulse, what is your next best action? - ANSWER Start cpr beginning with chest compressions Adult cpr: Ratio of compressions to breaths - ANSWER 30 compression's to 2 breaths What is the rate and depth for compression's on an adult? - ANSWER 100-120 per minute and a depth of 2 inches. What action should you take when more rescuers arrive? - ANSWER Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compression's every 2 minutes or more frequently if needed to avoid fatigue. If you suspect that an unresponsive victim has head or neck trauma, what is the preferred method for opening the air way? - ANSWER Jaw-Thrust What is the most appropriate first step to take as soon as the AED arrives? - ANSWER Power on the AED Which step is one of the universal steps for operating and AED? - ANSWER Place pads on victims bare chest If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special steps
should be taken? - ANSWER Avoid placing the AED pads over the implanted device what action should you take when the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm? - ANSWER Stand clear of the victim What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio for a single rescuer of a 3 year old child? - ANSWER 30 compressions to 2 breaths What is the correct compression to breath ratio 7 year old child when 2 or more rescuers are present? - ANSWER 15 compressions to 2 breaths For what age victim is the 2 thumb encircling hands technique advised when 2 rescuers are present? - ANSWER Infant younger than 1 year What is the correct chest compression depth for a child? - ANSWER 2 inches What is the correct chest compression depth for infants? - ANSWER 1 1/2 inches (4cm) What should you do when you are using an AED on an infant or child less than 8 years old? - ANSWER use adult pads if child pads are not available If a manual defibrillator is not available for an infant victim, which action should you take? - ANSWER use an AED equipped with a pediatric dose attenuator what is important to remember about pad placement on infants? - ANSWER You may need to put one pad on the chest and one on the back Which victim would only need rescue breathing? - ANSWER No breathing and a pulse which action can rescuers can rescuers perform to potentially reduce the risk of gastric inflation? - ANSWER Deliver each breath over 1 second which is the preferred technique for giving rescue breaths to an infant? - ANSWER Mouth to mouth and nose breaths what is not an example of an opioid? - ANSWER Naloxone Your 27 year old roomate uses opioids, you find him unconscious. a friend is calling 911 and getting naloxone what action should you take? No breathing, Strong pulse - ANSWER Provide rescue breaths 1 every 5-6 seconds Same scenario with a 56 year old? No breathing, No pulse - ANSWER Begin cpr What is an example of a mild foreign body airway obstruction? - ANSWER Wheezing between coughs
head position for infant CPR - ANSWER sniffing or neutral position chest recoil - ANSWER allows blood to flow to the heart witnessed child arrest, rescuer should - ANSWER activate EMS and then begin 5 cycles of CPR unwitnessed child arrest, rescuer should - ANSWER immediatly begin 5 cycles CPR and then activate EMS C-A-B-D - ANSWER compression-airway-breathing-defibrillation 6 critical concepts - ANSWER start compressions within 10 sec, push hard and fast 100bpm 2 in. depth, allow chest recoil, less then 10 sec interuption, effective breaths for chest rise, avoid excessive ventilation EMS - ANSWER emergency response system if adult, child, or infant has a pulse but is not breathing effectively, rescuer should - ANSWER give breaths w/o chest compressions. this is rescue breathing mouth to mouth - ANSWER head tilt-chin lift to open airway, mouth to mask breathing - ANSWER a. chin lift, tilt head to open airway b. make seal over mouth and nose with mask hand in shape of C, finger under chin to hold head and mask in place C. give 2 breaths per 1 second D. watch for chest to rise
what do you look for to know the rescue breaths are effective for any victim - ANSWER visible chest rise
steps for 1 rescuer CPR in order - ANSWER a. shake and shout you Ok? (infant flick foot)
b. Call 911 c. check for pulse d. start chest compression lower 1/2 breast bone e. open airway head tilt f. give 2 breaths g. resume compressions
after AED device give shock what do you do - ANSWER resume CPR, chest compressions
steps in using AED - ANSWER turn AED on attach pads (front/back on infant) (remove woman's bra or chest hair, piercings or jewelry) c. clear area d. follow direction to provide shock
it may be necessary to perform 'both' breathing and chest compressions for an unresponsive infant with a low heart rate (pulse) below 60 bpm - ANSWER True
a bag/mask device (BMV) is recommended for ventilations with either 1 OR 2 rescuers - ANSWER False (only for two) takes up too much time to switch for single
Good chest compressions and full chest recoil create blood flow during CPR - ANSWER True
an adult who was choking is now unconscious on the floor. what should I do now? - ANSWER a. get help b. begin CPR with chest compressions c. check for visible foreign body in throat
if not alone, send for help, begin CPR, use AED when arrives) Witnessed Collapse: if alone get help then begin CPR Unwitnessed Collapse: give 2 min CPR (5/10 cycles) then leave to call 911
rescue breathing - ANSWER Adult / child 1 breath every 5-6 seconds Infant 1 breath every 3-5 seconds
chest compression depth - ANSWER adults at least 2 inches (allow recoil) child at least 2 inches (allow recoil) infant 1/3 depth of chest or 1 1/2 inches (allow recoil)
chest compression hand placement - ANSWER adults 2 handed grasp on top of other, lower half of center breastbone child 1 or 2 handed lower half of center breastbone infant 2 fingers lower half center breastbone (single rescue) infant 2 thumbs encircling hands technique (bag valve mask used only when 2 present)
chest compression rate - ANSWER at least 100 to 120 compressions per min for all
jaw thrust - ANSWER head position if suspected neck injury, one hand each side of face and thrust jaw forward, if unable to chin lift, head tilt (standard)
in adults cardiac arrest is often sudden and results from_____ - ANSWER cardiac cause
in children cardiac arrest is often secondary to _______ - ANSWER respiratory failure and shock
pediatric chain of survival - ANSWER -prevention of arrest
- early high quality bystander cpr
- rapid activation of the emergency response system -effective advanced life support including rapid stabilization and transport to post cardiac arrest care -integrated post cardiac arrest care
sudden cardiac arrest occurs when - ANSWER the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and cant pump blood (rhythm problem)
heart attack occurs when - ANSWER blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked (clot problem)
chain of survival for an out of hospital cardiac arrest - ANSWER 1. immediate recognitions of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system
- early cpr with an emphasis on chest compressions
- rapid defibrillation with an AED
- effective advanced life support
- multidisciplinary post cardiac arrest care
chain of survival for an in hospital cardiac arrest - ANSWER 1. surveillance prevention and treatment of pre arrest conditions
- immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system
- early cpr with an emphasis on chest compressions
- rapid defibrillation
- multidisciplinary post cardiac arrest care
- after 5 cycles or 2 minutes of cpr activate the emergency response system and retrieve the AED
- continue compressions and breaths in aratio of 30:2 use AED ASAP
infant 2 thumb encircling hands technique - ANSWER 1. place the infant on a firm flat surface
- place both thumbs side by side in the center of the infants chests on the lower half of the breast bone. encircle the infants chest and support the infants back with the fingers of both hands
- with your hands encircling the chest use both thumbs to depress the breastbone at the rate of 100 to 120/min
- compress at least one third the AP about 1 1/2 inches 5.at the end of each compression make sure allow the chest to recoil to less than ten seconds
- after every 15 compressions pause briefly for the second rescuer to open the airway with head tilt chin and give 2 breaths each over 1 seconds.
- switch 5 cycles or 2 minutes of cpr switch 15:2 for 2 rescuers
mouth to mouth breathing for adults and children - ANSWER 1. hold the victims airway open with a head tilt chin lift
- pinch the nose closed with your thumbs and index fingers
- take regular breath and seal your lips around the victims mouth creating an airtight seal
- deliver 1 breath over 1 second
- if the chest does not rise repeat the head tilt chin lift
- give a second breath watch for chest rise
- if you are unable to ventilate the victim after 2 attempts promptly return to chest compressions
abdominal thrusts with victim standing or sitting - ANSWER 1. stand or kneel behind the
victim and wrap your arounds the victims waist
- make a fist with on hand
- place the thumb side of your fist against the victims abdomen in the midline slightly above the navel and well below the breastbone
- grasp your first your other hand and press your fist into the victims abdomen with a quick forceful upward thrust
- repeat thrusts until the objects is expelled from the airway or the victim becomes unresponsive
- give each new thrust with a separate distinct movement to relieve the obstruction
